Brummet & Olsen, LLP

3 Ways Your Social Security Payments Are Already Being Cut

2011-06-04T07:59:00.000-07:00

At Brummet & Olsen LLP, we are being contacted by an increasing number of clients worried about whether or not they will have enough money in their future retirement years to live comfortably. This concern is appropriate, and certainly timely as Congress is toying with this issue in regards to deficit reduction. The troubling thing we see at our firm, however, is that the only clients that are informing themselves are those approaching retirement. As illustrated in the following article, it is critical that EVERYONE, young and old, become informed as to the current status of Social Security and Medicare, and keep up with the latest developments in pending legislation whose final laws will certainly impact today's workers, their elderly parents, and their children's retirment security. These issues affect everyone, and it is critical to take the time to educate yourself as to what the current law is, what is being proposed, and the long-term effect of any changes. The following Yahoo Finance article summarizes some lesser-known realities of the current Social Security laws.

3 Ways Your Social Security Payments Are Already Being Cut
by Alicia Munnel
Provided by SmartMoney

Policy experts have focused on alternative ways of eliminating Social Security's 75-year financing gap, but lost in the debate is the fact that even under current law Social Security will provide less retirement income relative to previous earnings than it does today. Combine the already legislated reductions with potential cuts to close the financing gap, and Social Security may no longer be the mainstay of the retirement system for many people.

In 2002, the frequently quoted replacement rate for the "medium earner" who earned about $42,000 in today's dollars and retired at age 65 was 41%; that is, Social Security benefits were equal to 41% of the individual's previous earnings. Under current law, three factors will reduce this replacement rate: 1) the extension of the full retirement age; 2) the increase in Medicare premiums; and 3) the taxation of Social Security benefits.

1. The Extension of the Full Retirement Age
Under current law, the full retirement age is scheduled to increase from 65 for those reaching 62 in 2000 to 67 for people reaching age 62 in 2022. This increase is equivalent to an across-the-board benefit cut. For those who continue to retire at age 65, this cut takes the form of lower monthly benefits; for those who extend their work lives, it takes the form of fewer years of benefits. Thus, as reported in the Social Security Trustees Report, the replacement rate for the medium earner will drop from 41% to 36% for people who retire at age 65 in 2030.

2. The Increase in Medicare Premiums
The rising cost of Medicare will also affect future replacement rates. For the medium earner, Medicare premiums, which are automatically deducted from Social Security benefits, are scheduled to increase from 5% of benefits for someone retiring in 2002 to 12% for someone retiring in 2030.

3. The Taxation of Social Security Benefits
The third factor that will reduce Social Security benefits is the extent to which they are taxed under the personal income tax. Under current law, individuals with less than $25,000 and married couples with less than $32,000 of "combined income" do not have to pay taxes on their Social Security benefits. (Combined income is adjusted gross income as reported on tax forms in addition to nontaxable interest income and half of your Social Security benefits.) Above those thresholds, recipients must pay taxes on either 50% or 85% of their benefits. In 2002, only 20% of people receiving Social Security had to pay taxes on their benefits, so median earners typically did not pay any taxes. But the thresholds are not indexed for growth in average wages or even for inflation so, by 2030, as real benefits and other income increases, many medium earners will pay tax on half of their benefits.

The bottom line is that the net Social Security replacement rate for the medium earner will decline from 39% in 2002 to 29% in 2030 under current law. Policymakers need to be aware of this fact when they consider how much of the 75-year financing gap should be closed by benefit cuts and how much by tax increases.

Alicia Munnell is the Director for the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.

Contact Brummet & Olsen, LLP at (630) 986-0540, we'd be glad to answer any questions you may have.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

What to Do If You Owe Taxes

2011-04-09T19:18:00.000-07:00

Many of us already have gotten the bad news -- Uncle Sam is going to hand us a bill. About one in four tax returns have a balance due, according to the Internal Revenue Service. And that could be painful. In 2008, the average bill was a whopping $5,000.

The good news is that there's still time to plan, and you have a number of options before taxes are due on April 18.

Federal taxpayers can choose between swiping and putting the balance on a credit card, starting a payment plan with the IRS, and of course, just paying the bill in full.

If you have the money, your best options include writing a check, making an electronic payment when you e-file your return, or enrolling in the U.S. Treasury's free service for paying federal taxes electronically, the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System.

But even if you can't pay the balance now, make sure to file your tax return by April 18, or request an extension in order to avoid late filing penalties, says Melissa Labant of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Late filing penalties are normally 5% of the tax owed for each month your return is late, for up to five months, according to the IRS. And that's in addition to late payment interest and penalties on taxes owed.

Be sure to let the IRS know you can't afford the bill and then "pay whatever you can," says Labant. "Paying something is better than paying nothing." That cuts down on late payment penalties and interest charges since the IRS generally charges interest on any unpaid tax from the day the tax is due to the date it is paid.The interest rate, currently at 4%, is determined quarterly, and is normally set at 3 percentage points over the federal short term rate. And that doesn't include late payment penalties, which are normally 0.5% of taxes owed a month.

Taxpayers who need less than four months to pay off a balance may be able to set up an informal payment plan with the IRS, says Elaine Smith, an enrolled agent and tax professional with H&R Block. Those who need more time can set up an installment agreement with the IRS, where the late payment penalty is reduced to .25% a month. If the agreement is approved, taxpayers are charged a one-time fee of up to $105, but that fee is slashed to $52 for people who agree to have payments deducted directly from their bank accounts. Certain low-income individuals can qualify for a $43 fee.

You can also buy yourself a 30-day extension by putting the balance on a credit card, but you have to go through an IRS approved service provider that will charge a convenience fee of roughly 2% to 2.4%, plus there is the interest charge you might get from your credit card company. (Crunch the numbers because the interest charges on your card may be less than the late payment penalties charged by the IRS).And a "zero percent credit card could buy you even more time," says Smith.

Your options are different if you owe state taxes because some states offer payment plans or let you pay with a credit card and others do not. Contact your state department of revenue to figure out what your options are.

One other important step is to make sure this doesn't happen again, tax experts warn. Use the withholding calculator on the IRS website to figure out if you need to adjust your income tax with holdings on your W4 form. You might find yourself with a tax bill after a big life change -- getting married or divorced, having a baby, moving out of home for the first time, changing jobs and selling a house, to name a few. So make sure to contact a tax professional or consult the IRS if you have any questions.

Jonnelle Marte
Friday, March 18, 2011

Excerpted from Yahoo!Finance, provided by SmartMoney

Contact our office at (630) 986-0540, we'd be glad to answer any questions you may have.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

Ten Things to Know About Tax Refunds

2011-04-04T20:04:00.000-07:00

Are you expecting a tax refund this year? Here are 10 things the IRS wants you to know about your refund.

1. Refund Options You have three options for receiving your individual federal income tax refund: direct deposit, U.S. Savings Bonds or a paper check. You can now use your refund to buy up to $5,000 in U.S. Series I Savings Bonds in multiples of $50.
2. Separate Accounts You may use Form 8888, Allocation of Refund (Including Savings Bond Purchases), to request that your refund be allocated by direct deposit among up to three separate accounts, such as checking or savings or retirement accounts. You may also use this form to buy U.S Savings Bonds.
3. Tax Return Processing Times If you file a complete and accurate paper tax return, your refund will usually be issued within six to eight weeks from the date it is received. If you filed electronically, your refund will normally be issued within three weeks after the acknowledgment date.
4. Check the Status Online The fastest and easiest way to find out about your current year refund is to go to IRS.gov and click the “Where’s My Refund?” link at the IRS.gov home page. To check the status online you will need your Social Security number, filing status and the exact whole dollar amount of your refund shown on your return.
5. Check the Status By Phone You can check the status of your refund by calling the IRS Refund Hotline at 800–829–1954. When you call, you will need to provide your Social Security number, your filing status and the exact whole dollar amount of the refund shown on your return.
6. Check the Status with IRS2Go IRS2Go is a smartphone application that lets you interact with the IRS using your mobile device. Apple users can download the free IRS2Go application by visiting the Apple App Store. Android users can visit the Android Marketplace to download the free IRS2Go app. Simply enter your Social Security number, which will be masked and encrypted for security purposes, then select your filing status and the exact whole dollar amount of your refund shown on your return.
7. Delayed Refund There are several reasons for delayed refunds. For things that may delay the processing of your return, refer to Tax Topic 303 available on the IRS website at http://www.irs.gov, which includes a Checklist of Common Errors When Preparing Your Tax Return.
8. Larger than Expected Refund If you receive a refund to which you are not entitled, or one for an amount that is more than you expected, do not cash the check until you receive a notice explaining the difference. Follow the instructions on the notice.
9. Smaller than Expected Refund If you receive a refund for a smaller amount than you expected, you may cash the check. If it is determined that you should have received more, you will later receive a check for the difference. If you did not receive a notice and you have questions about the amount of your refund, wait two weeks after receiving the refund, then call 800–829–1040.
10. Missing Refund The IRS will assist you in obtaining a replacement check for a refund check that is verified as lost or stolen. If the IRS was unable to deliver your refund because you moved, you can change your address online. Once your address has been changed, the IRS can reissue the undelivered check.

For more information, visit the IRS website at http://www.irs.gov or call 800-829-1040.
Please feel free to contact our office with any questions you may have.
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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

Eight Tips for Deducting Charitable Contributions

2011-03-22T09:34:00.000-07:00

Charitable contributions made to qualified organizations may help lower your tax bill. The IRS has put together the following eight tips to help ensure your contributions pay off on your tax return.

1. If your goal is a legitimate tax deduction, then you must be giving to a qualified organization. Also, you cannot deduct contributions made to specific individuals, political organizations and candidates. See IRS Publication 526, Charitable Contributions, for rules on what constitutes a qualified organization.

2. To deduct a charitable contribution, you must file Form 1040 and itemize deductions on Schedule A.

3. If you receive a benefit because of your contribution such as merchandise, tickets to a ball game or other goods and services, then you can deduct only the amount that exceeds the fair market value of the benefit received.

4. Donations of stock or other non-cash property are usually valued at the fair market value of the property. Clothing and household items must generally be in good used condition or better to be deductible. Special rules apply to vehicle donations.

5. Fair market value is generally the price at which property would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, neither having to buy or sell, and both having reasonable knowledge of all the relevant facts.

6. Regardless of the amount, to deduct a contribution of cash, check, or other monetary gift, you must maintain a bank record, payroll deduction records or a written communication from the organization containing the name of the organization, the date of the contribution and amount of the contribution. For text message donations, a telephone bill will meet the record-keeping requirement if it shows the name of the receiving organization, the date of the contribution, and the amount given.

7. To claim a deduction for contributions of cash or property equaling $250 or more you must have a bank record, payroll deduction records or a written acknowledgment from the qualified organization showing the amount of the cash and a description of any property contributed, and whether the organization provided any goods or services in exchange for the gift. One document may satisfy both the written communication requirement for monetary gifts and the written acknowledgement requirement for all contributions of $250 or more. If your total deduction for all noncash contributions for the year is over $500, you must complete and attach IRS Form 8283, Noncash Charitable Contributions, to your return.

8. Taxpayers donating an item or a group of similar items valued at more than $5,000 must also complete Section B of Form 8283, which generally requires an appraisal by a qualified appraiser.

For more information on charitable contributions, refer to Form 8283 and its instructions, as well as Publication 526, Charitable Contributions. Please contact our office with any questions you may have.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

FAQ: What are the rules for claiming dependents on my tax return?

2011-03-17T20:05:00.000-07:00

A familiar issue to CPAs involves taxpayers who are confused by whether or not they can still claim that college graduate as a dependent on their taxes, or can Grandma be claimed since she lives with them all year. Parents of an adult child with disabilities, or an in-law situation where they live in their own home but require substantial financial assistance are additional examples of dependency questions taxpayers face when preparing their returns.

The tax rules surrounding the dependency exemption deduction on a federal income tax return can be complicated, with many requirements involving who qualifies for the deduction and who qualifies to take the deduction. The deduction can be a very beneficial tax break for taxpayers who qualify to claim dependent children or other qualifying dependent family members on their return. Therefore, it is important to understand the nuances of claiming dependents on your tax return, as the April 18 tax filing deadline is just around the corner.

Dependency deduction

You are allowed one dependency exemption deduction for each person you claim as a qualifying dependent on your federal income tax return. The deduction amount for the 2010 tax year is $3,650. If someone else may claim you as a dependent on their return, however, then you cannot claim a personal exemption (also $3,650) for yourself on your return. Additionally, your standard deduction will be limited.

Only one taxpayer may claim the dependency exemption per qualifying dependent in a tax year. Therefore, you and your spouse (or former spouse in a divorce situation) cannot both claim an exemption for the same dependent, such as your son or daughter, when you are filing separate returns.

Who qualifies as a dependent?

The term "dependent" includes a qualifying child or a qualifying relative. There are a number of tests to determine who qualifies as a dependent child or relative, and who may claim the deduction. These include age, relationship, residency, return filing status, and financial support tests.

The rules regarding who is a qualifying child (not a qualifying relative, which is discussed below), and for whom you may claim a dependency deduction on your 2010 return, generally are as follows:

-- The child is a U.S. citizen, or national, or a resident of the U.S., Canada, or Mexico;

-- The child is your child (including adopted or step-children), grandchildren, great-grandchildren, brothers, sisters (including step-brothers, and -sisters), half-siblings, nieces, and nephews;

-- The child has lived with you a majority of nights during the year, whether or not he or she is related to you;

-- The child receives less than $3,650 of gross income (unless the dependent is your child and either (1) is under age 19, (2) is a full-time student under age 24 before the end of the year), or (3) any age if permanently and totally disabled;

-- The child receives more than one-half of his or her support from you; and

-- The child does not file a joint tax return (unless solely to obtain a tax refund).

Qualifying relatives

The rules for claiming a qualifying relative as a dependent on your income tax return are slightly different from the rules for claiming a dependent child. Certain tests must also be met, including a gross income and support test, and a relationship test, among others. Generally, to claim a "qualifying relative" as your dependent:

-- The individual cannot be your qualifying child or the qualifying child of any other taxpayer; -- The individual's gross income for the year is less than $3,650; -- You provide more than one-half of the individual's total support for the year; -- The individual either (1) lives with you all year as a member of your household or (2) does not live with you but is your brother or sister (include step and half-siblings), mother or father, grandparent or other direct ancestor, stepparent, niece, nephew, aunt, or uncle, or inlaws. Foster parents are excluded.

Although age is a factor when claiming a qualifying child, a qualifying relative can be any age.

Special rules for divorced and separated parents

Certain rules apply when parents are divorced or separated and want to claim the dependency exemption. Under these rules, generally the "custodial" parent may claim the dependency deduction. The custodial parent is generally the parent with whom the child resides for the greater number of nights during the year.

However, if certain conditions are met, the noncustodial parent may claim the dependency exemption. The noncustodial parent can generally claim the deduction if:

-- The custodial parent gives up the tax deduction by signing a written release (on Form 8332 or a similar statement) that he or she will not claim the child as a dependent on his or her tax return. The noncustodial parent must attach the statement to his or her tax return; or

-- There is a multiple support agreement (Form 2120, Multiple Support Declaration) in effect signed by the other parent agreeing not to claim the dependency deduction for the year.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

Taxpayers the IRS Is Targeting This Year

2011-03-13T19:18:00.000-07:00

Every year clients inquire as to the probability of their returns being selected for audit and what can trigger an examination. The following article explains in general what areas are of special interest to the Internal Revenue Service.

Taxpayers the IRS Is Targeting This Year
Mark P. Cussen

Excerpted from
Investopedia

Out of the millions of tax returns that are filed with the IRS each year, a certain percentage are inevitably flagged and chosen to be audited. In some cases, this is because the taxpayer filing the return is already being investigated for tax fraud or other crimes, while other returns are merely selected at random. The formula that the IRS uses to flag returns for random audit, known as the Discriminant Function, is a highly classified secret known only to a few. However, there are several types of returns that the IRS tends to focus on in general. Filers with returns that fall into one of these categories must accept that there is a higher probability that they will be audited than other taxpayers. Some of the types of returns that the IRS tends to scrutinize more closely include:

Returns that Itemize Deductions
Taxpayers who include a Schedule A with their 1040 likely have a higher chance of being audited than those who don't. This is because the additional calculations invite a greater possibility of fraud or error by the taxpayer.

Self-Employed Taxpayers
Taxpayers who report income on Schedule C or E are prime targets of the IRS, because of the number of expenses that can be claimed as deductions. Those who report net losses for the year that reduce other taxable income, such as salaries or investment income are especially vulnerable to examination by the IRS.

"Cash Cow" Businesses
Many businesses have traditionally operated largely on a cash basis, such as laundry services, restaurants, casinos and gaming establishments and other similar enterprises. A substantial percentage of these businesses have traditionally underreported their income on their tax returns, due to the difficulty of proving revenue that is received in cash from thousands of separate transactions. For this reason, the mafia and other organized crime syndicates have been heavily involved with these industries for the past several decades. Of course, this has not escaped the notice of the IRS, which has collaborated with various law enforcement agencies who pursue these criminals.

Small Businesses
Even businesses such as florists, hobby store owners, construction contractors and other local enterprises are often scrutinized by the IRS. This is because even honest business owners and partners often don't understand the rules for correctly reporting their income and expenses and therefore submit erroneous returns. This is particularly true of those who are filing a business return for the first time, such as the proprietor of a new company.

Private Transactions
Taxpayers who engage in the sale of substantial pieces of real estate or hold interests in oil and gas leases or other such investment property can often realize enormous income and profits from individual buyers or small companies. The IRS knows how easy it can be to underreport the profits from these transactions, in some cases.

The Bottom Line
Remember that if the IRS does flag your return for audit, it does not mean that they suspect you of cheating. As mentioned previously, many returns are selected at random, according to a formula. As long as you have not cheated on your return, then you don't have to worry about what they find. If there is an error, the IRS will notify you in writing of the discrepancy and tell you how much more you owe. Of course, this process can work both ways; it is possible that the IRS could state that you owe less than you reported as well. Just make sure that you have all of the documentation that you need to prove your deductions, such as copies of receipts and bills. As long as you can supply what the IRS requests, your audit should be a relatively quick and painless process.

Yahoo.com
March 4, 2011

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

10 Tax Mistakes Parents Often Make

2011-03-08T06:40:00.000-08:00

Being a parent is a challenging job. At tax time, parents have an additional challenge of deciphering the tax code to properly handle income, deductions, and credits that relate to their children. Our previous blog dealt in depth with education tax issues. This article deals with some overall areas that parents tend to navigate with difficulty.

10 Tax Mistakes Parents Often Make
Kimberly Palmer

Excerpt from USNews.com

Between sleep deprivation and hectic schedules, parents don't always have time to decipher the tax code. That means many of them lose out on potential savings in the form of tax credits, deductions, and tax-advantaged savings plans. We interviewed tax experts on the most common mistakes that parents make when they do their taxes. Here are the top 10:

Failing to quickly get a Social Security number for a new child:
Mark Luscombe, principal federal tax analyst for the tax firm CCH, says that even newborns need Social Security numbers right away. Hospitals make it easier by helping new parents with the paperwork, but parents are still responsible for making sure they get the number and use it correctly when filing taxes. Otherwise, Luscombe says, the IRS could disallow some of the tax benefits.

Luscombe adds that parents themselves need to make sure they have their correct Social Security number on their tax forms. This can be especially challenging for people who recently got married, changed their names, and requested a new number. "If the name on the tax return and the Social Security number don't match up, the IRS gets concerned," he says.

Omitting the dependent exemption for babies born at the end of the year:
Even babies born on December 31 provide their parents an entire year's worth of exemption status. "You don't have to apportion it to the time the baby was alive," explains Barbara Weltman, attorney and author of J.K. Lasser's 1001 Deductions and Tax Breaks 2011. She adds that even high-income tax payers get the full value of the exemption this year.

Overlooking the adoption credit:
This credit, which can be worth about $13,000, is designed to alleviate some of the expenses associated with adopting a child. But because adoption often takes more than one year and involves many types of expenses, parents can get overwhelmed with the paperwork. Bob Meighan, vice president of TurboTax, recommends keeping careful track of receipts, then filing for the credit the year of the adoption.

Forgetting to keep careful records of care providers:
Many working parents are eligible for the child and dependent tax credit, which can help ease some of the costs of daycare, babysitters, and after-school programs for children younger than 13. What often trips parents up, says Luscombe, is that they forget to record the tax ID or Social Security numbers of the care providers throughout the year. Without that information, they can't file for the tax credit. "If you've had a succession of babysitters and have no Social Security numbers, then you could lose out on part of the credit for not doing your homework," he says.

Stacey Bradford, author of The Wall Street Journal's Financial Guidebook for New Parents, adds that summer day camp fees also count if both parents are working, looking for work, or studying, as long as the child is under age 13.

Claiming something other than head of household status:
Single parents in particular often forget to claim head of household status, which provides certain tax advantages, including the ability to claim dependents. "There's a lot of confusion about the head of household filing status and a lot of people don't seem to understand what that means," says Luscombe. Single parents could be eligible for this status if they paid more than half the cost of maintaining their household throughout the year and live with their children for more than half the year.

Ignoring the child tax credit:
The child tax credit, which is worth up to $1,000, phases out for higher earners, but most taxpayers qualify for it, says Meighan. It applies to children under age 17 who live with the parent claiming the credit for more than half the year.

Not filing taxes for an older child with a part-time job:
"Parents forget that an older child might have a tax filing requirement," says Meighan, even if that child is still a dependent. And failing to file that older child's taxes could mean losing out on a refund, because teens often don't earn enough to have any tax liability, even though their employers have withheld taxes. "To get that money back, they have to file a return," adds Meighan.

Failing to take advantage of tax-advantaged savings plans:
Most adults have never heard of 529 college savings accounts, which allow parents to invest after-tax money and grow it tax-free as long as they use it to pay for tuition. Coverdell education savings accounts, which come with strict contribution limits ($2,000 a year) as well as income limits, also offer tax advantages. Similarly, many parents forget to put pre-tax money aside (up to $5,000) into flexible spending accounts offered through their employer to pay for childcare expenses.

Skipping education write-offs:
From the American Opportunity Credit to the Lifetime Learning Credit, there are many tax benefits that help alleviate some of the cost of paying for college. Parents often forget that they can claim student loan interest on their own taxes if the college student is still a dependent--even if the college student is the one paying the loan interest, says Meighan.

Bradford adds that many parents don't realize that a number of states allow deductions for contributions to college savings plans. In New York, she says, residents can write off $5,000 for single filers and $10,000 for married joint filers. She suggests checking savingforcollege.com to see if you qualify.

Repeating classic errors that all taxpayers make:
Eric Smith, IRS spokesman, says the most common errors include forgetting to sign returns, just one spouse signing it, forgetting to attach a W-2 form, failing to use enough postage, and writing the name and address on the mailing envelope illegibly. "Take advantage of computer technology, and most of those mistakes go away," he says.

Kimberly Palmer (@alphaconsumer) is the author of the new book Generation Earn: The Young Professional's Guide to Spending, Investing, and Giving Back.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

Education tax benefits: A report card

2011-03-06T15:45:00.000-08:00

While Congress extended the reduced individual income tax rates with passage of the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (2010 Tax Relief Act) in late 2010, it also extended several educational tax benefits as well through 2012. As families plan their upcoming tax year, it is important to keep these benefits in mind.

American Opportunity Tax Credit

Individuals may continue to claim a credit against their federal tax liability based on tuition payments and certain related expenses. Previously referred to as the Hope Credit, the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) remains available for taxpayers for the 2011 and 2012 tax years. Qualifying families may claim an annual tax credit of up to $2,500 for undergraduate college expenses, up to $10,000 for a four-year program. According to a recently-issued report, Treasury predicts that 9.4 million families will be able to claim a total of $18.2 billion AOTC credits in 2011, an average of $1,900 per family.

Lifetime learning credit

Taxpayers can claim the lifetime learning credit for post-high school education, as well as courses to acquire or improve job skills. These institutions include colleges, universities, vocational schools, and any other postsecondary educational institution eligible to participate in a student aid program administered by the U.S. Department of Education. The lifetime learning credit is limited to $2,000 per eligible student, based upon payment of tuition and other qualified expenses.

The IRS released Tax Tip 2010-12 reminding taxpayers that they cannot claim both the lifetime learning credit and the AOTC for one child in a single tax year. However, if the family has multiple children in college, the family may apply the credits on a "per-student, per-year basis." This means that the family with two children in college, for example, could claim the AOTC for one child and the lifetime learning credit for the other.

Coverdell Education Savings Accounts

The 2010 Tax Relief Act also extended the increased maximum contribution amount to Coverdell education savings accounts. Taxpayers may contribute a maximum of $2,000 per year to these tax-preferred accounts. Earnings on these contributions grow tax-free, while amounts subsequently withdrawn are excludable from gross income to the extent used for qualified educational expenses.

Educational assistance programs

The 2010 Tax Relief Act also extended taxpayers' annual exclusion of up to $5,250 in employer-provided educational assistance from their gross income. The exclusion applies to both gross income for federal income tax purposes, as well as wages for employment tax purposes.

Federal Scholarships with Service requirements

The 2010 Tax Relief Act continues the gross income exclusion for scholarships with obligatory service requirements received by candidates at certain qualified educational organizations. The exclusion applies to scholarships granted by the National Health Service Corps Scholarship Program or the F. Edward Hebert Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship and Financial Assistance Program.

Qualified Tuition and Expense Deduction

The 2010 Tax Relief Act also extends the above-the-line deduction for qualified tuition and related expenses through 2011. The deduction applies to tuition and fees paid for the enrollment of the taxpayer, the taxpayer's spouse, or any dependent for which the taxpayer is entitled to a dependency exemption. Taxpayers can not claim both one of the education tax credits and the tuition and expense deduction in a single year. These continue to be either/or tax breaks.

Student loan interest deduction

Finally, after the student graduates, they may still claim an educational tax benefit by repaying their educational loans. Within certain adjusted gross income limits, taxpayers may claim a deduction for interest paid on student loans. The 2010 Tax Relief Act extends favorable limits on this deduction. Through 2012, the law extended the increased modified adjusted gross income phase-out ranges, meaning more taxpayers can claim the deduction. The 2010 Tax Relief Act also extended the repeal of the 60-month limit on deductible payments.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

Can You Trust Your Tax Preparer?

2011-02-20T20:41:00.000-08:00

Many taxpayers are shocked when they find out the error rate of tax returns provided by non-CPA paid tax preparers. As in any industry, there are various levels of assurances consumers can have based on their choice of tax preparers. As Certified Public Accountants(CPAs) in the state of Illinois, we are registered and licensed by the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation. We also are required to complete numerous hours of continuing education to maintain a high level of competency in our services. We are voluntary members of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and its Tax Section, as well as members of the Illinois CPA Society. As such, we are subject to additional rigorous ethics and competency requirements, which are all in the best interests of our clients. The following article from Yahoo! Finance discusses the evolving nature of tax preparation.

Carla Fried
Excerpt from article of
Saturday, February 19,

On January 31st, Jackson Hewitt, the second largest tax prep firm in the country, sued No. 1 H&R Block over Block's claims it can find errors in two-thirds of tax returns prepared by "other" tax preparers. Jackson Hewitt obviously resents the insinuation. Whatever the outcome of the case, though, it's safe to say the entire industry isn't exactly a bastion of reliability. The Inspector General of the U.S. Treasury found a 61 percent error rate in prepared tax returns.

But if you're looking to the Internal Revenue Service to provide some supervision and oversight of tax preparers, well, that's not going to happen until at least 2014. Last year, the IRS announced a new program that requires the estimated 1 million U.S. tax preparers to register with the IRS, be tested for competency, and agree to ongoing continuing ed classes. All good news. Yet yesterday the IRS released a report saying it needs a few more years to get its new tax preparer review system up and running.

That leaves the estimated 83 million Americans who hire a tax preparer to vet them on their own. Given the high error rate, that's no small job. And even once the IRS program is in place, it's not going to magically catch every schnook and rube. Keep in mind that any error the IRS finds that raises your tax bill is your legal responsibility. You can negotiate the matter with your tax preparer, but from the IRS's vantage point, you're the one who is on the hook. That's why it's important to do your homework.

A few of these red flags are obvious, but the IRS suggests you be especially wary of tax preparers that do any of the following:

• Guarantee you'll get a refund.
• Get paid by charging you a percentage of the refund.
• Don't ask you for supporting documents, such as your W-2 or 1099s.
• Offer to create documents to support false or exaggerated deductions.
• Ask you to sign a blank form that they will fill in later.
• Refuse to give you a photocopy of your return.
• Refuse to list his or her Social Security number and sign the return, as required by law.
• Aren't available year-round. (Some preparers set up shop during the mad tax rush and then sort of disappear.)

Another red flag is if a tax preparer tries to push his or her bona fides by telling you they're already part of the IRS's new oversight system. The fact is, some preparers have already been assigned their official tax-prep ID number, but that's all that has happened. No tests have been given, no education provided. Any preparer using this as a selling point is being disingenuous.

How to Find a Top-Notch Tax Pro

If you've got a somewhat complicated tax story, hiring a solid Certified Public Accountant can be a smart move.

If you're going to work with a human being, asking friends and colleagues for references is always a good place to start, but a little more legwork wouldn't hurt, either. You can check with your state board of accountancy to see if there are any known problems with a CPA you are considering. And taking a quick spin through the Better Business Bureau website will let you see if there are any complaints registered against him or her. It also can't hurt to run a check on someone you're already working with.

When you're interviewing a tax preparer, ask how many times his or her clients have been audited -- by federal and state -- and how many times the client has wound up owing more upon review. That's a fair question, and no pro should take umbrage. And while you're at it, ask how errors and audits are handled. Are you charged more for the extra time? Will the preparer cover any extra money owed? And again, it's helpful to clarify this even if you're already working with someone.

Finally, cross your fingers that maybe, just maybe, Washington will get serious about overhauling the individual tax code. President Obama gave it a passing mention in his State of the Union address. The reality is that the incredible complexity of the code is a Petri dish for errors and outright fraud.

Finding Free and Low-Cost Tax Help

2011-02-13T20:02:00.000-08:00

As Certified Public Accountants and professional tax preparers, we take our responsibilities as our clients' trusted advisors very seriously. We are constantly pursuing continuing education to stay current on the latest tax laws and strategies. We maintain this high level of professional competence and knowledge in order to provide our clients with unparalleled services. However, not every tax situation calls for this type of expertise and experience. The following Yahoo! Finance article delineates the different alternatives that taxpayers have when comtemplating their tax return preparation. We find that many taxpayers have differing tax preparation needs in different years. For some taxpayers, the issue of data privacy is paramount and CPAs are in a unique position to safeguard your personal information. We are always glad to help taxpayers find the best solution for their situation, and look forward to being the tax professional of choice when the situation warrants.

Finding Free and Low-Cost Tax Help
by Laura Rowley

Mailboxes are filling up with W-2 and 1099 forms, heralding the arrival of another tax season.

Last year's stimulus package unleashed a variety of new and expanded deductions and credits, for everything from car and home purchases to energy-efficient upgrades to college tuition. This may the year that Americans are worried about making mistakes on their taxes. To minimize that, here are some of the best places to find free or cost-effective assistance.

If You Earn $57,000 or Less
Households earning $57,000 or less -- that's 70 percent of the nation's taxpayers -- can use the Free File program online, a partnership of the Internal Revenue Service and 20 tax software companies. Go to www.irs.gov/freefile, choose a software provider and you'll find step-by-step form that asks simple questions and then fills in the answers on the tax form for you. You can file the return electronically, and if you qualify for a refund, receive it in as little as 10 days. If you owe money, you have until April 15 to send in payment. Paying with a credit card will incur fees.

Many states also allow you to do your state taxes and electronically file them through Free File. (Use the tool called "Help Me Find A Free File Company" to find a firm that may offer Free File for your state.) Finally, people who took advantage of the first-time homebuyer tax credit last year can use Free File, but have to print their returns, attach proof of their home purchase, and mail everything in.

If you earn less than $50,000 and want help from a real person, call the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Program at 1-800-TAX-1040, which has chapters in many communities. The AARP offers free assistance to the elderly at 7,000 sites nationwide -- you can find one at aarp.org or 888-227-7669.

Purchasing Tax Software
Using tax software is fast and relatively easy, and it will boost the chances of an accurate return, as well as the odds of getting all the deductions and credits for which you qualify. The biggest names are TurboTax from Intuit and Tax Cut by H&R Block, but others include TaxBrain, Complete Tax and TaxActOnline.com. The price will depend on your needs, but most people will pay $50 to $100 for the cost of federal and state preparation, and federal and state e-filing. (Many people don't realize there is a separate charge for the filing.)

Dan Green, a married father of three and a public relations executive in suburban Chicago, has used TaxActOnline.com for the last five years. He says it takes him about an hour to fill out his 1040 form. He pays about $15 for electronic filing for his federal taxes and $12 to file state taxes.

"I was a little skeptical at first because I thought there would be charges for everything," Green says. "But it was so simple for me, and I have no accounting background. It takes you through the process step by step, so it's almost impossible to make a mistake. After you're done you do a review process, and it tells you if there are any red flags so you can go back and check."

Check the software company Web site to see if you qualify for a free version. Some provide freebies to taxpayers with very simple returns. Also look for discounted software through your bank, credit union or brokerage. Fidelity.com, for example, offers a 25 percent discount on TurboTax to clients. Sites such as couponcabin.com also include discounts for software.

Look for guarantees that the software provider will pay penalties and interest if their product doesn't produce an accurate return. Some providers also offer audit support from a professional.

This year Green got a $1,500 credit for installing new energy-efficient windows in his home. "I didn't have to worry about being sure I received the credit, because I knew TaxActOnline.com would have it included in this year's program," he says. Which brings up an obvious, but important point: Make sure the package you purchase is for 2009, not an older version piled up in a store's bargain bin.

Store-Front Preparers
A store-front firm is an option for someone with no computer-savvy who feels utterly helpless in the face of paper tax forms. The biggest players include H&R Block, with about 13,000 U.S. locations, and Jackson Hewitt, with 6,000 offices. In this case, the preparer is basically filling in the software program for you. The cost varies depending on the complexity of the return, but for most people will run from $100 to $500. (The companies offer cost estimators, and sometimes coupons for discounted service, on their Web sites.)

In a tough economy, many people need their refund checks right away. But just say no to offers for "refund anticipation loans" -- where you can get your refund immediately for a fee. The National Consumer Law Center estimates that 8.4 million refund loans were made in 2008, and taxpayers -- mostly moderate and low-income -- lost $800 million from their refunds to these short-term loans.

In December, the IRS said it is scrutinizing refund anticipation loans, and bank regulators are cracking down as well. Recently, the Office of Comptroller of the Currency blocked Pacific Capital Bank from making the loans during this tax season.

Finally, be aware of privacy issues. Tax preparers just need your signature to sell your confidential tax return information to marketers, so read all the forms carefully before signing.

Professional Preparers: Individual Practitioners
People with complicated tax returns often turn to a professional. The IRS recently proposed that all paid preparers be registered and undergo testing and continuing education unless they are lawyers, certified public accountants or licensed enrolled agents, who represent taxpayers before the IRS. But for this tax season, you're on your own.

Get recommendations from people you trust, and check the credentials and references of the professional you plan to engage. How long have they been in business? Do they get additional training each year? Do they specialize in a particular area? Check for complaints filed against the preparer with your state's board of accountancy (for CPAs), state bar (for attorneys) and the Better Business Bureau.

Be prepared to pay from $100 to $1,000 for the service, and get the cost estimate in advance. Since many professionals charge by the hour, have all of your paperwork and receipts organized before you begin. Avoid preparers who claim they can get you a juicier refund than their peers and propose to charge a percentage of your refund.

Finally, find out if the service is guaranteed. According to a Better Business Bureau analysis, the number one complaint against tax preparers in 2008 was mistakes that resulted in penalties and fines.

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CPAs are governed by strict codes of conduct and ethics that other preparers may not follow. As always, please contact our office with any questions you may have.
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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

How Do I Report Gambling, Hobby and Other Miscellaneous Taxable Income?

2011-01-30T14:41:00.001-08:00

During economic downturns, many people often look for ways to supplement their regular employment compensation. Or, you may be engaging in an activity - such as gambling or selling items on an online auction - that is actually earning you income: taxable income. Many individuals may not understand the tax consequences of, and reporting requirements for, earning these types of miscellaneous income. This article discusses how you report certain types of miscellaneous income.

Reporting your miscellaneous taxable income

For most people, gambling winnings and hobby income are uncommon types of taxable income. Gambling winnings and hobby income, as well as prizes and awards, represent "miscellaneous income" and are reported on Line 21 of your Form 1040 as "other income."

Hobby income

Hobbies are generally considered under the tax law as activities that are not pursued "for profit." However, the tax law provides that if your hobby shows a profit in at least three of the last five tax years, including the current year, you are assumed to be trying to make money. However, you can rebut the assumption -- that you are not out to run a profitable business even if you regularly have losses -- with evidence to the contrary. Just because you love what you are doing in a sideline business does not mean it's a hobby for tax law purposes. In fact, one secret to business success is often enjoying your work. Profits you receive from an activity that is a hobby and not a for-profit business are reported as "other income" on Line 21 of your Form 1040.

Hobby losses and expenses

You cannot deduct your hobby expenses in excess of income you derived from the hobby, and you can only deduct qualifying expenses if you itemize your deductions. Expenses that you incurred in generating hobby income are generally deductible as miscellaneous itemized deductions, subject to the two-percent floor, on Schedule A. If you incurred losses in connection with your hobby activities, you may generally be able to deduct these "hobby losses" but only to the extent of income produced by the activity.

However, some expenses that are deductible whether or not they are incurred in connection with a hobby (such as taxes, interest and casualty losses) are deductible even if they exceed hobby income. These expenses, however, will reduce the amount of your hobby income against which your hobby expenses can be offset. Your hobby expenses then offset the reduced income in the following order:

1. Operating expenses, generally;

2. Depreciation and other basis adjustment items.

As mentioned above, your itemized deduction for hobby expenses is subject to the two-percent floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions.

Gambling winnings

Gambling winnings, whether legal or illegal, are included in your gross income. If you have winnings from a lottery, raffle, or other types of gambling activities, you must report the full amount of your winnings on Line 21 of your Form 1040 as "other income." The taxable gains are the amount by which your winnings exceed the amount you wagered. If any taxes were withheld from your winnings, you should receive a Form W-2G showing the total paid to you in Box 1, and the amount of income taxes withheld in Box 2. You need to include the amount in Box 2 in the amount of taxes paid on Line 59 of your 1040.

Gambling losses

You can deduct your gambling losses as an itemized deduction for the year on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 28. However, you cannot deduct gambling losses that exceed your winnings. Thus, you can deduct losses from gambling up to the amount of your gambling winnings. You cannot reduce your gambling winnings by your gambling losses and report the difference. You must report the full amount of your winnings as income and claim your losses (up to the amount of winnings) as an itemized deduction. Therefore, your records should show your winnings separately from your losses.

You can reduce your gambling winnings by your wagering losses regardless of whether the underlying transactions are legal or illegal. Moreover, gambling losses may be offset against all gains arising out of wagering transactions, and not merely against gambling winnings. However, gambling losses can only be used to offset gambling gains during the same year.

Moreover, you cannot use your gambling losses to reduce taxable income from non-gambling sources, and they cannot be used as a carryover or carryback to reduce gambling income from other years. For example, the value of complimentary goods you might receive from a casino as an inducement to gamble are gains from which gambling losses can be deducted.

Casinos, lotteries and other payers of gambling winnings of $600 or more ($1,200 for bingo or slot machines and $1,500 for keno) report the winnings on Form W-2G, Certain Gambling Winnings.

If you have any questions about tax and reporting requirements in connection with hobby activities and other sources of income, please call our office.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

How Do I Convert a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA?

2011-01-24T20:27:00.000-08:00

People are buzzing about Roth Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). Unlike traditional IRAs, "qualified" distributions from a Roth IRA are tax-free, provided they are held for five years and are made after age 59 1/2, death or disability. You can establish a Roth IRA just as you would a traditional IRA. You can also convert assets in a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA.

Before 2010, only taxpayers with adjusted gross income of $100,000 or less were eligible to convert their traditional IRA (provided they were not married taxpayers filing separate returns). Beginning in 2010, anyone can convert a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, regardless of income level or filing status.

Comment: While you can only contribute a maximum of $5,000 to a Roth IRA for 2010 (plus a $1,000 catch-up contribution if you are over age 50), you can convert an unlimited amount from a traditional IRA.

Conversion is treated as a taxable distribution of assets from the traditional IRA to the IRA holder, although it is not subject to the 10 percent tax on early distributions. While paying taxes on conversion is undesirable, the advantages of holding assets in a Roth IRA usually outweigh this disadvantage, especially if you will not be retiring soon. Furthermore, if you converted assets in 2010, you had the option of including them in income in 2011 and 2012 (50 percent each year) instead of 2010.

Comment: Generally, this income-splitting would have been advantageous to any taxpayer who does not expect a sharp increase in income in 2011 or 2012.

There are four ways to convert a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA:

A rollover - you receive a distribution from a traditional IRA and roll it over to a Roth IRA within 60 days;
Trustee-to-trustee transfer - you direct the trustee of the traditional IRA to transfer an amount to the trustee of a Roth IRA;
Same-trustee transfer - the trustee of the traditional IRA transfers assets to a Roth IRA maintained by the same trustee; or
Redesignation - you designate a traditional IRA as a Roth IRA, instead of opening a new Roth account.

Comment: The account holder does not have to convert all of the assets in the traditional IRA.

Another advantage of converting assets from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA is that you can change your mind and put the assets back into the traditional IRA. This is known as a recharacterization. You have until the due date, with extensions, for the return filed for the year of conversion. Thus, if you converted assets in 2010, you have until mid-October in 2011 to undo the conversion.

This ability to recharacterize the conversion allows you to use hindsight to check whether your assets declined in value after the conversion. Since you are paying taxes on the amount converted, a decline in asset value means that you paid taxes on phantom income that no longer exists. However, if you convert assets into multiple Roth IRAs, you can choose to recharacterize the assets in a Roth IRA that decreased in value, while maintaining the conversion for a Roth IRA's assets that appreciated in value.

The use of a Roth IRA can be a savvy investment, but whether to convert assets is not an easy decision. If you would like to explore your options, please contact this office.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

Does Filing My Tax Return Early Make Sense?

2011-01-19T20:10:00.000-08:00

Although individual income tax returns don't have to be filed until April 15, taxpayers who file early get their refunds a lot sooner. The IRS begins accepting returns in January but does not starting processing returns until February. Determining whether to file early depends on various personal and financial considerations. Filing early to somehow fly under the IRS's audit radar, however, has been ruled out by experts as a viable strategy.

Required documents

Filing a return early may not be practical for many taxpayers because they do not yet have enough information to accurately fill out their return. If you have not received information returns, like Forms 1099 or Schedule K-1, or if you are missing documents or other information you need to complete your return, it may be difficult, if not impossible, to accurately prepare your tax return. For example, employers do not have to provide wage statements to their employees until January 31 (although an employer can provide Form W-2 sooner if an employee terminates employment). The IRS requires this statement to be attached to your return (either in paper form or electronically when filing online).

Information returns also do not have to be furnished until January 31. These include, among others, the forms for dividends, interest income, royalty income (Form 1099-MISC), stock sales (Form 1099-B), real estate sales (Form 1099-S), state tax refunds (Form 1099-G), mortgage interest paid (Form 1098), and distributions from pension plans (Form 1099-R). Waiting until you receive all the information needed to complete your return accurately also lessens your chances of making mistakes, which can call attention to your return by the IRS. The IRS will not process your return electronically until it is accurate.

Last year's return

You'll also want to take a look at your 2009 tax return. Did your circumstances change in 2010? Changes such as starting a new job, retiring, getting married, having a child, and so on, have important tax consequences. Congress extended, enhanced and created new tax incentives in 2010 under the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (2010 Tax Relief Act) that could generate a larger refund. Another important consideration is the current economic downturn, which may have generated significant tax losses in many investment portfolios.

Refunds

If you have all the information you need to completely and accurately fill out your tax return, and you are owed a refund, filing early is attractive. The sooner you file, the sooner you'll see your refund check from the IRS. If you file your return electronically and choose to have your refund directly deposited into your bank account, the IRS typically will issue your refund in as few as 10 days.

If you owe money, however, you may want to wait until April 15 to file. Alternatively, you can file early online and date your tax payment to be released on April 15. If you have the funds to pay what you owe and you pay early, you could lose out on keeping the money invested and earning interest until April 15.

Also remember, no matter how early you file your return, the three-year statute of limitations during which the IRS can question your return and assess more tax doesn't start to run until April 15. Please contact our office if you have any questions about filing early.

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Circular 230 notification - Any U.S. federal tax advice that is contained in this document was not intended or written to be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service, and it cannot be used by any taxpayer for such purpose.

2010 Tax Relief Act extends lucrative tax breaks for families through 2012.

2011-01-18T17:07:00.000-08:00

Congress not only extended the current, lower individual income tax rates through 2012 in the recently enacted Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization and Job Creation Act of 2010 (2010 Tax Relief Act); it also extended a number of beneficial tax breaks for families and individuals. Through 2012, the law extended significant tax incentives for education, children, and energy-saving home improvements.

Individual Tax Rates. The 2010 Tax Relief Act extends all of the current lower individual tax rates across the board, for all taxpayers, at 10, 15, 25, 28, 33, and 35 percent for two years, through 2012. In addition, under the new law the size of the 15 percent tax bracket for married couples filing jointly and surviving spouses remains double that of the 15 percent tax bracket for individual filers, thus continuing to provide "marriage penalty" relief.

State and local sales tax deduction. Congress also extended the deduction for state and local sales taxes in lieu of the state and local income tax deduction through 2011.

More marriage penalty relief. In addition to expanding the 15 percent income tax rate bracket, the 2010 Tax Relief Act also maintains the increased basic standard deduction for joint filers. Through 2012, the standard deduction for married taxpayers filing a joint return (and surviving spouses) is twice the basic standard deduction amount for single individuals. For example, the standard deduction for individuals for 2011 is $5,800; for married taxpayers filing jointly, the standard deduction for 2011 will be $11,600.

No personal exemption phaseout. Higher-income individuals and families will also benefit from the ability to claim an unreduced personal exemption. Before 2010, taxpayers with income over certain amounts were subject to phaseout of their personal exemption. However, under the 2010 Tax Relief Act, personal exemptions are not reduced, for an additional two years through 2012.

Expanded child tax credit. The 2010 Tax Relief Act extends the $1,000 child tax credit for two years, through December 31, 2012. The child tax credit can be claimed for each qualifying child under age 17 (at the close of the year) that the taxpayer can claim as a dependent. However, the amount of the credit is reduced as a taxpayer's income increases. The credit is reduced (but not below zero) by $50 for each $1,000 of modified adjusted gross income (AGI) above $110,000 for joint filers and above $75,000 for others. The new law also extends other enhancements to the credit, including the ability to offset both the regular tax and alternative minimum tax.

Expanded earned income tax credit. The 2010 Tax Relief Act extends the enhanced earned income tax credit (EITC) for two years, through 2012. The new law also simplifies computation of the EITC.

Adoption credit. Through 2012, the new law expands the adoption credit and the exclusion from income for employer-provided adoption assistance. However, the new law does not extend certain changes made by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA) for 2010 and 2011. Therefore, the credit is not refundable after 2011 and the additional $1,000 under the PPACA is not available after 2011. For 2012, the maximum credit therefore is $12,170 (indexed for inflation after 2010) and is phased out ratably for taxpayers with modified AGI over $182,520.

Dependent care credit. The 2010 Tax Relief Act extends the enhanced dependent care credit for two years, through 2012. A taxpayer who incurs expenses to care for a child under age 13 or for an incapacitated dependent or spouse, in order to enable the taxpayer to work or look for work, is eligible to claim the dependent care credit. The maximum expenses that can be claimed through 2012 are $3,000 for one qualifying individual and $6,000 for more than one qualifying individual. Additionally, the maximum credit rate is 35 percent. Thus, for 2010, the maximum dependent care credit is $1,050 (35 percent of up to $3,000 of eligible expenses) for one qualifying individual and $2,100 for more than one qualifying individual (35 percent of up to $6,000 of qualified eligible expenses).

Tax breaks for education. The 2010 Tax Relief Act extends a number of tax incentives to help defray the costs of education. The new law extends the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC), the student loan interest deduction, the exclusion from income for employer-provided assistance, and more. The AOTC, which is 40 percent refundable, can be claimed for expenses incurred for the first four years of a student's post-secondary education. The credit equals 100 percent of the first $2,000 of qualified higher education tuition and related expenses (including course materials), and 25 percent of the next $2,000 of expenses. In effect, a maximum credit of $2,500 a year can be claimed for each eligible student.

Through 2012, employees who receive educational assistance from their employer can continue to exclude up to $5,250 in employer-provided educational assistance from their income and employment taxes. Graduate school tuition also qualifies for the exclusion.

Taxpayers will also continue to benefit from the $2,500 above-the-line student loan interest deduction through 2012. The new law also expanded the modified AGI range for the phaseout of the deduction. For 2010, for instance, the deduction phases out ratably for taxpayers with modified AGI between $60,000 and $75,000 ($120,000 and $150,000 for joint filers).

Coverdell education savings accounts (ESAs) provide taxpayers with another mechanism to save for education. The 2010 Tax Relief Act enables taxpayers to continue to contribute up to $2,000 a year to a Coverdell ESA for beneficiaries under age 18 (as well as special needs beneficiaries of any age). In addition to higher education expenses, Coverdell ESAs can be used to pay for elementary and secondary education expenses through 2012. However, the amount that can be contributed is subject to income phaseouts.

Incentives for energy-efficient improvements. The 2010 Tax Relief Act also rewards individuals and families who make energy-saving improvements to their home. For example, the new law extends through 2011 (only one year) the popular Code Sec. 25C tax credit, which provides a credit for expenses for qualified energy efficiency improvements and property, such as furnaces, water heaters, insulation materials, exterior windows, skylights, doors, and other items.

IRS Audit Red Flags: The Dirty Dozen

2011-01-16T06:32:00.000-08:00

As the 2011 tax season begins, we want to address one of the most frequent concerns our clients have as they begin to gather their tax information: what could trigger an audit? The following Yahoo Finance article addresses this area of concern for many taxpayers.

IRS Audit Red Flags: The Dirty Dozen
by Joy Taylor

Here are 12 hot spots on your return that can raise the chances of scrutiny by the IRS.

Ever wonder why some tax returns are audited by the IRS while most are ignored? Well, there's a whole host of reasons to this age-old question. The IRS audits only about 1% of all individual tax returns annually. The agency doesn't have enough personnel and resources to examine each and every tax return filed during a year. So the odds are pretty low that your return will be picked for an audit. And of course, the only reason filers should worry about an audit is if they are cheating on their taxes.

However, the chances of you being audited or otherwise hearing from the IRS can increase depending upon various factors, including whether you omitted income, the types of deductions or losses claimed, certain credits taken, foreign asset holdings and math errors, just to name a few. Although there's no sure way to avoid an IRS audit, you should be aware of red flags that could increase your chance of drawing some unwanted attention from the IRS. Here are the 12 most important ones:

1. Failure to report all taxable income. The IRS receives copies of all 1099s and W-2s that you receive during a year, so make sure that you report all required income on your tax return. The IRS computers are pretty good at matching these forms received with the income shown on your return. A mismatch sends up a red flag and causes the IRS computers to spit out a bill. If you receive a 1099 for income that isn't yours or the income listed is incorrect, get the issuer to file a corrected form with the IRS.

2. Returns claiming the home-buyer credit. First-time homebuyers and longtime homeowners who claimed the homebuyer credit should be prepared for IRS scrutiny. Make sure you submit proper documentation when taking this credit. First-time homebuyers have to attach a copy of their settlement statement to the return, and longtime homeowners should also attach documents showing prior ownership of a home, including records of property tax and insurance coverage. All claims for this credit are being screened. As of May 2010, more than 260,000 returns had been selected for correspondence audits (examinations done by mail rather than face-to-face) because filers did not attach the necessary documents to their tax returns. And those numbers will continue to grow.

Also, the IRS has ways of policing the recapture of the homebuyer credit. Generally, the credit is required to be recaptured if the home is sold within three years for homes bought in 2009 or 2010 and within 15 years for homes bought before 2009. The IRS is checking public real estate databases for sales of homes in which the credit was taken.

3. Claiming large charitable deductions. This comes up again and again because the IRS has found abuse on audit, especially with those taking larger deductions. We all know that charitable contributions are a great write-off and help you to feel all warm and fuzzy inside. However, if your charitable deductions are disproportionately large compared to your income, it raises a red flag. That's because the IRS can tell what the average charitable donation is for a person in your tax bracket. Also, if you don't get an appraisal for donations of valuable property or if you fail to file Form 8283 for donations over $500, the chances of audit increase. Be sure you keep all your supporting documents, including receipts for cash and property contributions made during the year, and abide by the documentation rules. And attach Form 8283 if required.

4. Home office deduction. The IRS is always very interested in this deduction, primarily because it has a pretty high adjustment rate on audit. This is because history has shown that many people who claim a home office don't meet all the requirements for properly taking the deduction, and others may overstate the benefit. If you qualify, you can deduct a percentage of your rent, real estate taxes, utilities, phone bills, insurance, and other costs that are properly allocated to the home office. That's a great deal. However, in order to take this write-off, the space must be used exclusively and on a regular basis as your principal place of business. That makes it difficult to claim a guest bedroom or children's playroom as a home office, even if you also use the space to conduct your work. Exclusive use means a specific area of the home is used only for trade or business, not also where the family watches TV at night. Don't be afraid to take the home-office deduction if you're otherwise entitled to it. Risk of audit should not keep you from taking legitimate deductions. If you have it and can prove it, then use it.

5. Business meals, travel and entertainment. Schedule C is a treasure trove of tax deductions for self-employeds. But it's also a gold mine for IRS agents, who know from past experience that self-employeds tend to claim excessive deductions. Most under-reporting of income and overstating of deductions are done by those who are self-employed. And the IRS looks at both higher-grossing sole proprietorships as well as smaller ones.

Big deductions for meals, travel and entertainment are always ripe for audit. A large write-off here will set off alarm bells, especially if the amount seems too large for the business. Agents know that many filers slip in personal meals here or fail to satisfy the strict substantiation rules for these expenses. To qualify for meals or entertainment deductions, you must keep detailed records generally documenting the following for each expense: amount, place, persons attending, business purpose and nature of discussion or meeting. Also, receipts are required for expenditures over $75 or any expense for lodging while traveling away from home. Without proper documentation, your deduction is toast.
[New Tax Deal: What's In It For You?]

6. Claiming 100% business use of vehicle. Another area that is ripe for IRS review is use of a business vehicle. When you depreciate a car, you have to list on Form 4562 what percentage of its use during the year was for business. Claiming 100% business use for an automobile on Schedule C is red meat for IRS agents. They know that it's extremely rare that an individual actually uses a vehicle 100% of the time for business, especially if no other vehicle is available for personal use. IRS agents are trained to focus on this issue and will closely scrutinize your records. Make sure you keep very detailed mileage logs and precise calendar entries for the purpose of every road trip. Sloppy recordkeeping makes it easy for the revenue agent to disallow your deduction. As a reminder, even if you use the IRS' standard mileage rate to deduct your business vehicle costs, ensure that you are not also claiming actual expenses for maintenance, insurance and other out-of-pocket costs. The IRS has found filer noncompliance in this area as well and will look for this.

7. Claiming a loss for a hobby activity. Your chances of "winning" the audit lottery increase if you have wage income and file a Schedule C with large losses. And, if your Schedule C loss-generating activity sounds like a hobby -- horse breeding, car racing and such -- the IRS pays even more attention. It's issued guidelines to its agents on how to sniff out those who improperly deduct hobby losses. Large Schedule C losses are audit bait, but reporting losses from activities in which it looks like you might be having a good time is just asking for IRS scrutiny.

Tax laws don't allow you to deduct hobby losses on Schedule C. However, you do have to report any income earned from your hobbies. In order to claim a hobby loss, your activity must be entered into and conducted with the reasonable expectation of making a profit. If your activity generates profit three out of every five years (or two out of seven years for horse breeding), the law presumes you're in business to make a profit, unless the IRS establishes to the contrary. If audited, the IRS is going to make you prove you have a legitimate business and not a hobby. So, make sure you run your activity in a business-like manner and can provide supporting documents for all expenses.

8. Cash businesses. Small business owners, especially those in cash-intensive businesses -- taxi drivers, car washes, bars, hair salons, restaurants and the like -- are an easy target for IRS auditors. The agency is well aware that those who primarily receive cash in their business are less likely to accurately report all of their taxable income. The IRS wants to narrow the tax gap, and history has shown that cash-based businesses are a good source of audit adjustments. It has a new guide for agents to use when auditing cash intensive businesses, telling how to interview owners and noting various indicators of unreported income.

9. Failure to report a foreign bank account. The IRS is intensely interested in people with offshore accounts, especially those in tax havens. U.S. tax authorities have had some recent success in trying to get foreign banks (such as UBS in Switzerland) to disclose information on U.S. account holders. Also, the IRS had a voluntary compliance program where people came in and reported their foreign bank accounts and foreign assets in exchange for lesser penalties than they would have otherwise been subject to. The IRS has learned a lot from these probes.

Failure to report a foreign bank account can lead to pretty severe penalties, and the IRS has made this issue a top priority. Make sure that if you have any such accounts, you properly report them when you file your return. Keep in mind, though, that if you have never previously reported the foreign bank account on your return, and you decide to do so for the first time in 2010, that might also look suspicious to the IRS.

10. Engaging in currency transactions. The IRS gets many reports of cash transactions in excess of $10,000 involving banks, casinos, car dealers and other businesses, plus suspicious activity reports from banks and disclosures of foreign accounts. A recent report by Treasury inspectors concluded that these currency transaction reports are a valuable source of audit leads for sniffing out unreported income. The IRS agreed and it will make greater use of these forms in its audit process. So if you are a person who makes large cash purchases or deposits, be prepared for IRS scrutiny. Also, beware that banks and other institutions file reports on suspicious activities that appear to avoid the currency transaction rules (such as persons depositing $9,500 cash one day and an additional $9,500 cash two days later).

11. Math errors. One of the biggest reasons that people receive a letter from the IRS is because of mathematical mistakes they make on their tax returns. If you make an error in your favor, you are going to hear from the tax man, and there is a greater risk of the IRS pulling the whole return for audit. So take time to ensure all your calculations are correct. Even though math errors may not lead to a full-blown audit, it's always best to remain under the radar of IRS computers.

12. Taking higher-than-average deductions. If deductions on your return are disproportionately large compared to your income, the IRS audit formulas take this into account when selecting returns for examination. Screeners then pull the most questionable returns for review. But if you've got the proper documentation for your deduction, don't be scared to claim it. There's no reason to ever pay the IRS more tax than you actually owe.

Tuesday, December 21, 2010
Kiplinger.com

IRS Alerts Public to Identity Theft Scams and To Beware of e-Mail Scams about the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System

2010-10-18T14:35:00.000-07:00

IRS Alerts Public to Identity Theft Scams

WASHINGTON — The Internal Revenue Service reminds consumers to avoid identity theft scams that use the IRS name, logo or Web site in an attempt to convince taxpayers that the scam is a genuine communication from the IRS. Scammers may use other federal agency names, such as the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

In an identity theft scam, a fraudster, often posing as a trusted government, financial or business institution or official, tries to trick a victim into revealing personal and financial information, such as credit card numbers and passwords, bank account numbers and passwords, Social Security numbers and more. Generally, identity thieves use someone’s personal data to steal his or her financial accounts, run up charges on the victim’s existing credit cards, apply for new loans, credit cards, services or benefits in the victim’s name and even file fraudulent tax returns.

The scams may take place through e-mail, fax or phone. When they take place via e-mail, they are called “phishing” scams.

The IRS does not discuss tax account matters with taxpayers by e-mail.

How to Spot a Scam

Many e-mail scams are fairly sophisticated and hard to detect. However, there are signs to watch for, such as an e-mail that:

Requests detailed or an unusual amount of personal and/or financial information, such as name, SSN, bank or credit card account numbers or security-related information, such as mother’s maiden name, either in the e-mail itself or on another site to which a link in the e-mail sends the recipient.

Dangles bait to get the recipient to respond to the e-mail, such as mentioning a tax refund or offering to pay the recipient to participate in an IRS survey.

Threatens a consequence for not responding to the e-mail, such as additional taxes or blocking access to the recipient’s funds.

Gets the Internal Revenue Service or other federal agency names wrong.

Uses incorrect grammar or odd phrasing (many of the e-mail scams originate overseas and are written by non-native English speakers).

Uses a really long address in any link contained in the e-mail message or one that does not start with the actual IRS Web site address (www.irs.gov). To see the actual link address, or url, move the mouse over the link included in the text of the e-mail.

What to Do

The IRS does not initiate taxpayer contact via unsolicited e-mail or ask for personal identifying or financial information via e-mail. If you receive a suspicious e-mail claiming to come from the IRS, take the following steps:

Do not open any attachments to the e-mail, in case they contain malicious code that will infect your computer.

Do not click on any links, for the same reason. Also, be aware that the links often connect to a phony IRS Web site that appears authentic and then prompts the victim for personal identifiers, bank or credit card account numbers or PINs. The phony Web sites appear legitimate because the appearance and much of the content are directly copied from an actual page on the IRS Web site and then modified by the scammers for their own purposes.

Contact the IRS at 1-800-829-1040 to determine whether the IRS is trying to contact you.

Forward the suspicious e-mail or url address to the IRS mailbox phishing@irs.gov, then delete the e-mail from your inbox.
Genuine IRS Web site

The only genuine IRS Web site is IRS.gov. All IRS.gov Web page addresses begin with http://www.irs.gov/. Anyone wishing to access the IRS Web site should initiate contact by typing the IRS.gov address into their Internet address window, rather than clicking on a link in an e-mail.

The Latest News Release from the IRS regarding Identity Theft Scams:

Consumers should be aware of a scam in which recipients receive an e-mail that claims to come from the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System. The e-mail states that tax payments made by the e-mail recipient through EFTPS have been rejected. The e-mail then directs recipients to a bogus website containing malicious software (malware) that infects the intended victim’s computer. To avoid the bogus website and malware, do not click on any links, open any attachments or reply to the sender for any e-mail you may receive that claims to come from EFTPS.

The IRS and the Financial Management Service (the Treasury bureau that owns EFTPS) does not communicate payment information through e-mail.

EFTPS is committed to taxpayer privacy and uses industry-leading security practices and technology to protect taxpayer data.

A scam that tricks someone into revealing their personal and financial data is identity theft. A scam that attempts to do this through e-mail is known as phishing. Find out more about IRS-impersonation phishing scams and how to recognize and report them to the IRS.

If you responded to this scam and believe you may have become the victim of identity theft, find out what steps you can take.

EFTPS is a tax payment system that allows individuals and businesses to pay federal taxes electronically via the Internet or phone, at any time of the day and any day of the year. It’s free, it’s fast and it’s secure, accurate and convenient.

If you have any questions about any correspondence you've received from the IRS, please don't hesitate to contact our office. We would be glad to help you determine the authenticity of the communication and the best course of response.

71 Ways to Save on Taxes Now! (Part 3 of 3)

2010-10-05T11:33:00.000-07:00

For 2010, don't make the mistake of waiting until the end of the year (or tax-filing time) to see what can be done to lower taxes. The following article, the last of a three-part series, discusses everyday actions that taxpayers can take to lower their annual tax bill. See our previous blog postings for parts one and two of this series.

71 Ways to Save on Taxes Now
by Mary Beth Franklin, Senior Editor, Kiplinger's Personal Finance
provided by Kiplinger.com

PART 3 of 3

Don't wait until you file your return to find ways to lower your tax bill. These moves will help you save throughout the year.

Take advantage of tax-free rental income.
You may not think of yourself as a landlord, but if you live in an area that hosts an event that draws a crowd (a Super Bowl, say, or the presidential inauguration), renting out your home temporarily could make you a bundle -- tax-free -- while getting you out of town when tourists overrun the place. A special provision in the law lets you rent a home for up to 14 days a year without having to report a dime of the money you receive as income.

Home buyer's Bible.
Be a packrat with paperwork. Some costs associated with buying a new home affect your "tax basis," the amount from which you'll figure your profit when you sell; others can be deducted in the year of the purchase, including any points you pay (or the seller pays for you) to get a mortgage and any property taxes paid by the seller in advance for time you actually own the home.

Home seller's Bible.
Costs associated with selling -- from the real estate commission to points paid for a seller to property taxes paid in advance for time the buyer actually owns the home -- all reduce your profit on the deal. Sure, most home-sale profit is tax-free these days, but keep track of big basis-boosting improvements in case you get close to the limit.

Pinpoint the "stepped-up" basis of property you inherit.
In most cases, the tax basis of inherited property -- that's the value from which you will figure gain or loss when you sell -- is "stepped up" to the value on the day the previous owner dies. Tax on all appreciation during his or her lifetime is forgiven. Although the estate tax and stepped-up rules on inherited property expired at the end of 2009, Kiplinger’s believes Congress will reinstate the $3.5 million estate tax exclusion and step-up rules retroactive to January 1, 2010. If you inherit assets in 2010, be sure you pinpoint your basis so you don't overpay your tax later. Taxpayers who know about this break save billions of dollars each year.

Don't buy a tax bill.
Before you invest in a mutual fund near the end of the year, check to see when the fund will distribute dividends. On that day, the value of shares will fall by the amount paid out. Buy just before the payout and the dividend will effectively rebate part of your purchase price, but you'll owe tax on the amount. Buy after the payout and you'll get a lower price, and no tax bill.

Check the calendar before you sell.
You must own an investment for more than one year for profit to qualify as a long-term gain and enjoy preferential tax rates. The "holding period" starts on the day after you buy a stock, mutual fund or other asset and ends on the day you sell it.

Keep a running tally of your basis.
For assets you buy, your "tax basis" is basically how much you have invested. It's the amount from which gain or loss is figured when you sell. If you use dividends to purchase additional shares, each purchase adds to your basis. If a stock splits or you receive a return-of-capital distribution, your basis changes. Only by carefully tracking your basis can you protect yourself from overpaying taxes on your profits when you sell.

Mine your portfolio for tax savings.
Investors have significant control over their tax liability. As you near the end of the year, tote up gains and losses on sales to date and review your portfolio for paper gains and losses. If you have a net loss so far, you have an opportunity to take some profit tax free. Alternatively, a net profit on previous sales can be offset by realizing losses on sales before the end of the year. (This strategy applies only to assets held in taxable accounts, not tax-deferred retirement accounts such as IRAs or 401(k) plans).

Tell your broker which shares to sell.
Doing so gives you more control over the tax consequences when you sell stock. If you fail to specifically identify the shares to be sold, the tax law's FIFO (first-in-first-out) rule comes into play and the shares you've owned the longest (and perhaps the ones with the biggest gain) are considered to be sold. With mutual funds, an "average basis" can be used when determining gain or loss; but that alternative isn't available for stocks.

Avoid the wash sale rule.
If you sell a stock, bond or mutual fund for a loss and then buy back the identical security within 30 days, you can't claim the loss on your tax return. The IRS considers the transaction a wash, since your economic situation really hasn't changed. It's easy to avoid being stung by the "wash sale" rule, though. Watch the calendar or, buy similar but not identical securities.

Ask your broker for a favor.
The law allows investors to deduct a loss on a worthless security, but only if you can prove the stock is absolutely worthless. If you own stock you're sure isn't coming back, ask your broker to buy it from you for a nominal amount. You can then report the sale and claim your loss.

Think twice about selling stock for a profit if you're subject to the AMT.
Although long-term capital gains benefit from the same 15% maximum rate under both the regular tax rules and the alternative minimum tax, a capital gain can effectively cost more than 15% in AMT-land. The special AMT exemption is phased out as income rises so, for example, a $1,000 capital gain can wipe out $250 of the exemption, effectively exposing $1,250 to tax. That means your tax bill rises by more than $150 for that $1,000 gain.

Pay tax sooner rather than later on restricted stock.
If you receive restricted stock as a fringe benefit, considering making what's called an 83(b) election. That lets you pay tax immediately on the value of the stock rather than waiting until the restrictions disappear when the stock "vests." Why pay tax sooner rather than later? Because you pay tax on the value at the time you get the stock, which could be far less than the value at the time it vests. Tax on any appreciation that occurs in between then qualifies for favorable capital gains treatment. Don't dally: You only have 30 days after receiving the stock to make the election.

Minimize the bite of the "kiddie tax."
The rule that taxes a child's income at the parents' rate now covers children up to age 19, or up to age 24 if the child is a full-time student. You can minimize the damage by steering a child's investments into tax-free municipal bonds or growth stocks that won't be sold until the child turns 19, or 24 for full-time students.

Consider tax-free bonds.
It's easy to figure whether you'll come out ahead with taxable or tax-free bonds. Simply divide the tax-free yield by 1 minus your federal tax bracket to find the "taxable-equivalent yield." If you're in the 33% bracket, your divisor would be 0.67 (1 - 0.33). So, a tax-free bond paying 5% would be worth as much to you as a taxable bond paying 7.46% (5 Ã· 0.67). A bond swap may pay off. It's a fact of life: As market interest rates rise, bond values fall. If you have bond that have lost value, consider a bond swap. You sell your losers, cash in the tax loss and invest the proceeds in higher-yielding bonds to maintain your income stream.

Use Treasury bills to defer taxes.
Interest on three- and six-month Treasury bills is taxed in the year it is paid. So, buying a T-bill that matures in 2011 means you don't have to report the income until you file your 2011 return in 2012. Remember, Treasury interest is completely exempt from state or local taxes, too.

Death and taxes.
Someone who is terminally ill may want to sell investments that show a paper loss. Otherwise, the "tax basis" of the property -- the value from which the heir will figure gain or loss when he or she sells -- will be "stepped-down" to date-of-death value, preventing anyone from claiming the loss. If you want to keep property, such as a vacation home, in the family, consider selling to a family member. You get no loss deduction, but it could save the buyer taxes later on.

Time claiming Social Security benefits.
If you stop working, you can claim benefits as early as age 62. But note that each year you delay -- until age 70 -- promises higher benefits for the rest of your life. And, delaying benefits means postponing the time you'll owe tax on them.

Dodge a 50% tax penalty.
Taxpayers older than 70½ are required to take minimum withdrawals from their IRAs each year. Failing to do so, subjects them to one of the toughest penalties in the tax law: the IRS claims 50% of the amount that should have come out of the account. Your IRA sponsor can help pinpoint the amount of the required payout. is available More on the ins and outs of the minimum withdrawals.

Keep careful records of the cost of medically necessary improvements.
To the extent that such costs -- for adding a wheelchair ramp, for example, lowering counters or widening a doorway or installing hand controls for a car -- exceed any added value to your home or vehicle, that amount can be included in your deductible medical expenses.

Include travel expenses in medical deductions.
In addition to the cost of getting to and from the doctor, you can deduct up to $50 a night for lodging if seeking medical care requires you to be away from home overnight. The $50 is per person, so if you travel with a sick child to get medical care, you can deduct $100 a day. As with other medical expenses, you get a tax benefit only to the extent your expenses exceed 7.5% of adjusted gross income.

Crank in the value of deducting long-term-care premiums.
As you shop for long-term care insurance, remember that a portion of the cost is deductible. The older you are, the more you can write off. For employees, this is a medical expense which means it only saves money if your medical expenses exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income. If you're self-employed, you avoid the 7.5% haircut and get this deduction even if you don't itemize.

Double your family's estate tax break.
If yours is among the minority of families that has to worry about the federal estate tax, realize that planning ahead can save your heirs a fortune. A simple plan employing what's called a "by-pass trust", for example, can double from $3.5 million to $7 million the amount you can pass tax-free to the next generation. Although the estate tax and stepped-up rules on inherited property expired at the end of 2009, Kiplinger’s believes Congress will reinstate the $3.5 million estate tax exclusion and step-up rules retroactive to January 1, 2010

Give it away.
Money you give away during your lifetime won't be in your estate to be taxed at your death. That's one reason there's also a federal gift tax. The law allows you to give up to $13,000 to any number of people in 2010 without worrying about the gift tax. If your spouse agrees not to give anything to the same person, you can give $26,000 a year to each individual. If you have four married kids, for example, and you give $26,000 to all eight children and in-laws, you can shift $208,000 out of your estate gift-tax free each year.

Choose the right kind of business.
Beyond choosing what business to go into, you also have to decide on the best form for your business: a sole proprietorship, a subchapter S corporation, a C-corp or a limited-liability company (LLC). Your choice will have a major impact on your taxes. Hire your children. If you have an unincorporated business, hiring your children can have real tax advantages. You can deduct what you pay them, thus shifting income from your tax bracket to theirs. Since wages are earned income, the "kiddie tax" does not apply. And, if the child is under age 18, he or she does not have to pay Social Security tax on the earnings. One more advantage: the earnings can serve as a basis for an IRA contribution.

Watch start-up costs.
Generally, the costs of starting up a new business must be amortized, that is, deducted over years in the future. But you can deduct up to $5,000 of start-up costs in the year you incur them, when the tax savings could prove particularly helpful.

Avoid the hobby-loss rules.
There's a heads-the-IRS-wins-tails-you-lose rule if the IRS determines your activity is a hobby rather than a for-profit business. You still have to report any earnings as income, but there are restrictions on deducting expenses and you can't deduct a loss. To avoid this problem, run your activity in a business-like manner, including having a separate bank account and having business cards printed.

Time receipt of self-employment income.
Those who run their own businesses have a lot of flexibility at year-end. To push the receipt of income into the following year , delay mailing bills to clients until late in December that payment is received after December 31. Or, pay business expenses before January 1 to lock in deductions.

Don't be afraid of home-office rules.
If you use part of your home regularly and exclusively for your business, you can qualify to deduct as home-office expenses some costs that are otherwise considered personal expenses, including part of your utility bills, insurance premiums and home maintenance costs. Some home-business operators steer away from these breaks for fear of an audit. But if you deserve them, claim them.

Cut compensation, boost dividends.
Principals in closely held businesses may want to shift part of their compensation from salary (which is taxed in their top bracket) to dividends (which is taxed at a maximum 15% rate). This can pay off if the corporation is in a low tax bracket, so the loss of the deduction for dividends paid is more than offset by the owner's savings.

Stash cash in a self-employed retirement account.
If you have your own business, you have several choices of tax-favored retirement accounts, including Simplified Employee Pensions (SEPs) and individual 401(k)s. Contributions cut your tax bill now while earnings grow tax-deferred for your retirement.

Pay estimated taxes ... or not.
If you receive significant income not subject to withholding -- from self-employment or investments, for example -- you probably need to make quarterly estimated tax payments to avoid an IRS penalty. But, if withholding will equal 100% of your 2009 income tax bill (or 110% if your income was over $150,000), you don't need to make estimated payments ... no matter how much extra income you make in 2010.

Take Uncle Sam shopping for your new business vehicle.
It may not be the greenest of strategies, but if you need a new vehicle for your business, realize that Congress offers special tax incentives if you buy a heavy sports-utility vehicle or a pick-up. While the first-year write-off for most business cars is limited to around $12,000, you can "expense" much more if you buy a heavy SUV or pick-up truck for your business.

Buy a hybrid, take Uncle Sam for a ride.
You can drive away with a tax credit if you buy a gasoline/electric hybrid or qualifying clean diesel vehicle in 2010. The size of the credit depends on how fuel-stingy your new car is, but the tax savings can range from several hundred to over $3,000.

Brummet & Olsen, LLP is ready to help you with your tax situation. Please feel free to contact our office at (630) 986-0540 to set up an appointment to discuss your particular circumstances.

71 Ways to Save on Taxes Now!

2010-09-01T08:33:00.000-07:00

As mentioned in a prior blog, many of our clients make the mistake of waiting until the end of the year (or tax-filing time) to see what they can do to lower their taxes. The following article, the second of a three-part series, discusses everyday actions that taxpayers can take to lower their annual tax bill. See our previous blog posting for part one of this series.

71 Ways to Save on Taxes Now
by Mary Beth Franklin, Senior Editor, Kiplinger's Personal Finance
provided by Kiplinger.com

PART 2 of 3

Don't wait until you file your return to find ways to lower your tax bill. These moves will help you save throughout the year.

The stork brings tax savings, too.
A child born, or adopted, during the year is a blessed event for your tax return. An added dependency exemption will knock $3,650 off your taxable income, and you'll probably qualify for the $1,000 child credit, too. You don't have to wait until you file your 2010 return to reap the benefit. Add at least one extra withholding allowance to the W-4 form filed with your employer to cut tax withholding from your paycheck. That will immediately increase your take-home pay.

Tally adoption expenses.
Thousands of dollars of expenses incurred in connection with adopting a child can be recouped via a tax credit, so it pays to keep careful records. In 2010, the credit can be as high as $12,170. If you adopt a special needs child, you get the maximum credit even if you spend less.

Save for college the tax-smart way.
Stashing money in a custodial account can save on taxes. But it can also get you tied up with the expensive "kiddie tax" rules and gives full control of the cash to your child when he or she turns 18 or 21. Using a state-sponsored 529 college savings plan can make earnings completely tax free and lets you keep control over the money. If one child decides not to go to college, you can switch the account to another child or take it back.

Be aware of new rules for Coverdells.
A former boon to parents and grandparents who wanted to use tax-free dollars to pay private-school tuition and other education-related costs for elementary and high-school students is about to get a lot less generous. You can contribute up to $2,000 to a Coverdell Education Savings Account for any beneficiary in 2010, but starting next year, that maximum contribution will be slashed to $500. You don't get a deduction, but money you stash in a Coverdell grows tax-deferred and can be withdrawn tax-free to pay education bills. Beyond tuition and fees, you can use Coverdell money to pay for tutoring, books and supplies, uniforms and transportation. You can buy a computer for the whole family to use and pay for Internet access, too. But you better hurry. Starting in 2011 any earnings you withdraw from a Coverdell that are not used for college expenses will be taxable as ordinary income and subject to a 10% penalty. Consider rolling over the Coverdell money into a 529 savings plan next year. It’s a penalty-free move, as long as the accounts have the same beneficiary.

Use a Roth IRA to save for college.
Sure, the "R" in IRA stands for retirement, but because you can withdraw contributions at any time tax- and penalty-free, the account can serve as a terrific tax-deferred college-savings plan. Say you and your spouse each stash $5,000 in a Roth starting the year a child is born. After 18 years, the dual Roths would hold about $375,000, assuming 8% annual growth. Up to $180,000 -- the total of the contributions -- can be withdrawn tax- and penalty-free and any part of the interest can be withdrawn penalty-free, too, to pay college bills.

Fund a Roth IRA for your child or grandchild.
As soon as a child has income from a job -- such as babysitting, a paper route, working retail -- he or she can have an IRA. The child's own money doesn't have to be used to fund the account (fat chance that it would). Instead, a generous parent or grandparent can provide the funds, or perhaps match the child's contributions dollar for dollar. Long-term, tax-free growth can be remarkable.

Use a Roth IRA to save for your first home.
A Roth IRA can be a powerful tool when you're saving for your first home. All contributions can come out of a Roth at any time, tax- and penalty-free. And, after the account has been opened for five years, up to $10,000 of earnings can be withdrawn tax- and penalty-free for the purchase of your first home. Say $5,000 goes into a Roth each year for five years for a total contribution of $25,000. Assuming the account earns an average of 8% a year, at the end of five years, the Roth would hold about $31,680 -- all of which could be withdrawn tax- and penalty-free for a down payment.

Convert to a Roth IRA.
Switching a traditional IRA to a Roth requires paying tax on the converted amount, but that can be a fabulous tax-saving investment because all future earnings inside the Roth can be tax free in retirement. (Withdrawals from traditional IRAs are taxed in your top tax bracket.) If you convert to a Roth in 2010, you have up to three years to pay the tax bill. Rather than reporting the income (and paying tax on the conversion) with your 2010 return, you can report half of the conversion on your 2011 return (due in 2012) and the remainder on your 2012 return (due in 2013).

Undo a Roth conversion gone bad.
When you convert a traditional IRA to a Roth, you must pay tax on the amount you convert. But what if the investments in the new Roth IRA fall in value? You get a chance for a do-over. You have until October 15 of the year following the conversion to "unconvert" and avoid paying tax on the money that evaporated. You can then redo the conversion the following year.

Protect your heirs.
Be sure beneficiary designations for your IRAs and 401(k)s are up to date. If your IRA goes to your estate rather an a designated beneficiary, unfavorable withdrawal rules could cost your heirs dearly.

Roll over an inherited 401(k).
A recent change in the rules allows a beneficiary of a 401(k) plan to roll over the account into an IRA and stretch payouts (and the tax bill on them) over his or her lifetime. This can be a tremendous advantage over the old rules that generally required such accounts be cashed out, and all taxes paid, within five years. To qualify for this break, you must name a person or persons (not your estate) as your beneficiary. If your 401(k) goes through your estate, the old five-year rule applies.

Help your adult children earn a credit for retirement savings.
The Retirement Savers Credit can be as much as $1,000, based on up to 50% of the first $2,000 contributed to an IRA or company retirement plan. It's available only to low-income taxpayers, though, who are often the least able to afford such contributions. Parents can help, however, by giving an adult child (who cannot be claimed as a dependent and who is not a full-time student) the money to fund the retirement account contribution. The child not only saves on taxes, but also saves for his or her retirement.

The bank of mom and dad.
If your adult children ask for a loan to help them buy a house or start a business, beware that Uncle Sam has something to say about the deal. If the kids want to borrow more than $10,000, you may be required to charge a minimum amount of interest. And if you don't? You have to report the "phantom" interest as income anyway.

Deduct interest paid by mom and dad.
Until recently, parents had a good reason not to help their kids pay off student loans. If the parents were not liable for the debt, then no one got to deduct the interest. Now, however, when parents pay it's treated as if they gave the money to the real debtor who then paid off the loan. The child gets the tax deduction, as long as the parents can't claim him or her as a dependent, even if he or she doesn't itemize.

Make the most of the tax-free home sale profit.
Up to $250,000 of home-sale profit is tax free ($500,000 if you are married and file a joint return) if you own and live in the house for two of the five years leading up to the sale. If you are bumping up on the limits, consider selling and buying a new home to start the tax-free clock ticking again. There is no limit on the number of times you can claim tax-free profit on the sale of a home.

Don't underestimate the cost of home-equity debt.
Generally, interest on up to $100,000 of debt secured by your home can be deducted, no matter what you use the money for. But if you are among the growing number of taxpayers subjected to the alternative minimum tax (AMT), home-equity debt is only deductible if the loan was used to buy or improve your home.

Second homes can offer a vacation from taxes.
If you're trying to figure whether you can afford a second home, remember that you'll get some help from the IRS. Mortgage interest on a loan to buy a second home is deductible just as it is for the mortgage on your principal residence. Interest on up to $1.1 million of first- and second-home debt can be deducted. Property taxes can be written off, too. Things get more complicated -- and perhaps more lucrative-if you rent out the place part of the year to help cover the bills.

Watch the calendar at your vacation home.
If you hope to deduct losses attributable to renting the place during the year, be careful not to use the house too much yourself. As far as the IRS is concerned, "too much" is when personal use exceeds more than 14 days or more than 10% of the number of days the home is rented. Time you spend doing maintenance or repairs does not count as personal use, but time you let friends or relatives use the place for little or no rent does.

Stay actively involved in rental real estate.
Generally, anti-tax-shelter legislation prevents losses from real estate investments from being deducted against other kinds of income. But, if you are actively involved in a rental activity, you can deduct up to $25,000 of such losses ... if your adjusted gross income is less than $100,000. You don't have to mow grass and unclog toilets to qualify as actively involved; but you should make sure you're involved in setting rents and approving tenants and management firms.

Use a tax-free exchange to acquire new property.
By trading one rental property for another, for example, you avoid the capital gains taxes you'd incur if you sold the first property ... leaving you with more to invest in the second.

Use an installment sale of real estate to defer a tax bill.
If the buyer pays you in installments, the IRS will let you pay the tax bill on your profit in installments, too. You must charge interest on the deal, and each payment you receive will have three parts: interest (taxable at your top rate), capital gain (taxed at a maximum of 15% in 2010) and return of your investment (tax-free).

Convert a vacation home to your principal residence.
Until 2009, there was a sweet tax break for folks who sold their homes, claimed tax-free profit and then moved into a vacation property. After they lived in that home for two years, they could sell and claim tax-free profit again ... including appreciation from the days the place was a vacation home. There can still be some real tax benefits to this strategy, but the value will fall over the years. Starting in 2009, a portion of any profit on the sale of a vacation-home-turned-principal-residence will not qualify as tax-free home-sale profit. The taxable portion will be based on the ratio of the time after 2008 the property was used as a vacation home to the total period of ownership. So if you have owned a vacation home for 18 years and make it your main residence in 2011 for two years before selling it, only 10% of the gain would be taxed. The rest qualifies for the exclusion of up to $500,000. Homes owned for a short time prior to a post-2008 conversion fare the worst tax wise.

Make Small Commitments. Get Big Changes.

2010-07-06T11:38:00.000-07:00

Simply resolving to do something does not guarantee real and permanent change. Real change is a slow process, involving time and self-reflection. The following article has gentle advice that can help you enhance your life and facilitate personal and professional growth.

Make Small Commitments. Get Big Changes.
Compiled by Michael Dalton Johnson

Taking Care of You
Drink plenty of water.
Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper.
Eat more fruits and vegetables and eat less that is manufactured in processing plants.
Avoid eating food that is handed to you through a window.
Live the 3 E's -- Energy, Enthusiasm and Empathy.
Play more games.
Read more books than you did in 2009.
Sit in silence for at least 10 minutes each day.
Sleep for 7 hours.
Take a 10-30 minute walk daily. And while you walk, smile.

Your Outlook
Don't compare your life to others. You have no idea what their journey is all about.
Don't have negative thoughts of things you cannot control. Instead invest your energy in the positive present moment.
Don't overdo. Keep your limits.
Don't take yourself so seriously. No one else does.
Don't waste your precious energy on gossip.
Dream more while you are awake.
Envy is a waste of time. You already have all you need.
Forget issues of the past. Don't remind others of their past mistakes.
Life is too short to waste time hating anyone.
Make peace with your past so it won't spoil the present.
No one is in charge of your happiness except you.
Realize that life is a school and you are here to learn. Problems are simply part of the curriculum that appear and fade away but the lessons you learn will last a lifetime.
Learn a new word every day.
Smile and laugh more.
You don't have to win every argument.

Your Relationships
Call your family often.
Each day give something good to others.
Forgive everyone for everything.
Spend time with people over the age of 70 and under the age of 6.
Try to make at least three people smile each day.
What other people think of you is none of your business.
Your job won't take care of you when you are sick. Your friends will. Stay in touch.

Your Life
The worst promise you can break is one made to yourself.
Do the right thing!
Get rid of anything that isn't useful, beautiful or joyful.
You don't have a soul. You are a soul. You have a body.
However good or bad a situation is, it will change.
The best is yet to come.
When you awake alive in the morning, thank God for it.
Your Innermost Self is always happy. Follow it.
No matter how you feel, get up, dress up and show up.

Reprinted with permission of SalesDog.com. For a free subscription to SalesDog's weekly sales tips and inspiration newsletter, go to http://www.salesdog.com/Subscribe.asp

71 Ways to Save on Taxes Now!

2010-05-28T11:13:00.000-07:00

Many of our clients make the mistake of waiting until the end of the year (or tax-filing time) to see what they can do to lower their taxes. The following article, the first of a three-part series, discusses everyday actions that taxpayers can take to lower their annual tax bill.

71 Ways to Save on Taxes Now
by Mary Beth Franklin, Senior Editor, Kiplinger's Personal Finance
provided by Kiplinger.com

PART 1 of 3

Don't wait until you file your return to find ways to lower your tax bill. These moves will help you save throughout the year.

If you managed to claim every possible tax break that you deserved when you filed your 2009 return this spring, pat yourself on the back. But don't stop there. Those tax-filing maneuvers are certainly valuable, but you may be able to rack up even bigger savings through thoughtful tax planning all year round. The following ideas could really pay off in the months ahead.

Give yourself a raise.
If you got a big tax refund this year, it meant that you're having too much tax taken out of your paycheck every payday. So far this year, the average refund is nearly $2,900, up about $200 from last year. Filing a new W-4 form with your employer (get one from your payroll office) will insure that you get more of your money when you earn it. If you're just average, you deserve about $225 a month extra.

Boost your retirement savings.
One of the best ways to lower your tax bill is to reduce your taxable income. You can contribute to up to $16,500 to your 401(k) or similar retirement savings plan in 2010 ($22,000 if you are 50 or older by the end of the year). Money contributed to the plan is not included in your taxable income.

Switch to a Roth 401(k).
But if you are concerned about skyrocketing taxes in the future, or if you just want to diversify your taxable income in retirement, considering shifting some or all of your retirement plan contributions to a Roth 401(k) if your employer offers one. Unlike the regular 401(k), you don't get a tax break when your money goes into a Roth. On the other hand, money coming out of a Roth 401(k) in retirement will be tax-free, while cash coming out of a regular 401(k) will be taxed in your top bracket.

Fund an IRA.
But if you are concerned about skyrocketing taxes in the future, or if you just want to diversify your taxable income in retirement, considering shifting some or all of your retirement plan contributions to a Roth 401(k) if your employer offers one. Unlike the regular 401(k), you don't get a tax break when your money goes into a Roth. On the other hand, money coming out of a Roth 401(k) in retirement will be tax-free, while cash coming out of a regular 401(k) will be taxed in your top bracket.

If you don't have a retirement plan at work, or you want to augment your savings, you can stash money in an IRA. You can contribute up to $5,000 in 2010 ($6,000 if you are 50 or older by the end of the year). Depending on your income and whether you participate in a retirement savings plan at work, you may be able to deduct some or all of your IRA contribution. Or, you can choose to forgo the upfront tax break and contribute to a Roth IRA that will allow you to take tax-free withdrawals in retirement.

Go for a health tax break.
Be aggressive if your employer offers a medical reimbursement account -- sometimes called a flex plan. These plans let you divert part of your salary to an account which you can then tap to pay medical bills. The advantage? You avoid both income and Social Security tax on the money, and that can save you 20% to 35% or more compared with spending after-tax money.

Pay child-care bills with pre-tax dollars.
After taxes, it can easily take $7,500 or more of salary to pay $5,000 worth of child care expenses. But, if you use a child-care reimbursement account at work to pay those bills, you get to use pre-tax dollars. That can save you one-third or more of the cost, since you avoid both income and Social Security taxes. If your boss offers such a plan, take advantage of it.

Ask your boss to pay for you to improve yourself.
Companies can offer employees up to $5,250 of educational assistance tax-free each year. That means the boss pays the bills but the amount doesn't show up as part of your salary on your W-2. The courses don't even have to be job-related, and even graduate-level courses qualify.

Pay back a 401(k) loan before leaving the job.
Failing to do so means the loan amount will be considered a distribution that will be taxed in your top bracket and, if you're younger than 55 in the year you leave your job, hit with a 10% penalty, too.

Tally job-hunting expenses.
If you count yourself among the millions of Americans who are unemployed, make sure you keep track of your job-hunting costs. As long as you're looking for a new position in the same line of work (your first job doesn't qualify), you can deduct job-hunting costs including travel expenses such as the cost of food, lodging and transportation, if your search takes you away from home overnight. Such costs are miscellaneous expenses, deductible to the extent all such costs exceed 2% of your adjusted gross income.

Keep track of the cost of moving to a new job.
If the new job is at least 50 miles farther from your old home than your old job was, you can deduct the cost of the move ... even if you don't itemize expenses. If it's your first job, the mileage test is met if the new job is at least 50 miles away from your old home. You can deduct the cost of moving yourself and your belongings. If you drive your own car, you can deduct 16.5 cents per mile for a 2010 move, plus parking and tolls.

Save energy, save taxes.
This is the last year to cash in on a tax credit for home improvements designed to save energy. One tax credit is worth 30% of the cost of new insulation, doors, windows, high-efficiency furnaces, water heaters and central air conditioners up to a maximum credit of $1,500. The credit applies to both 2009 and 2010, so if you took full advantage of it last year, you don't get another crack at it. But if you didn't make any eligible home improvements in 2009, get busy before this opportunity slips away. Don't think you need to do anything?

Think green.
A separate tax credit is available for homeowners who install alternative energy equipment. It equals 30 percent of what a homeowner spends on qualifying property such as solar electric systems, solar hot water heaters, geothermal heat pumps, and wind turbines, including labor costs. There is no cap on this tax credit.

Put away your checkbook.
If you plan to make a significant gift to charity in 2010, consider giving appreciated stocks or mutual fund shares that you've owned for more than one year instead of cash. Doing so supercharges the saving power of your generosity. Your charitable contribution deduction is the fair market value of the securities on the date of the gift, not the amount you paid for the asset, and you never have to pay tax on the profit. However, don't donate stocks or fund shares that lost money. You'd be better off selling the asset, claiming the loss on your taxes, and donating cash to the charity.

Tote up out-of-pocket costs of doing good.
Keep track of what you spend while doing charitable work, from what you spend on stamps for a fundraiser, to the cost of ingredients for casseroles you make for the homeless, to the number of miles you drive your car for charity (at 14 cents a mile). Add such costs with your cash contributions when figuring your charitable contribution deduction.

Time your wedding.
If you're planning a wedding near year-end, put the romance aside for a moment to consider the tax consequences. The tax law still includes a "marriage penalty" that forces some pairs to pay more combined tax as a married couple than as singles. For others, tying the knot saves on taxes. Consider whether Uncle Sam would prefer a December or January ceremony. And, whether you have one job between you or two or more, revise withholding at work to reflect the tax bill you'll owe as a couple.

Beware of Uncle Sam's interest in your divorce.
Watch the tax basis -- that is, the value from which gains or losses will be determined when property is sold -- when working toward an equitable property settlement. One $100,000 asset might be worth a lot more -- or a lot less -- than another, after the IRS gets its share. Remember: Alimony is deductible by the payer and taxable income to the recipient; a property settlement is neither deductible nor taxable.

10 Places NOT to Use Your Debit Card

2010-05-04T10:23:00.000-07:00

Credit cards and debit cards are familiar to almost everyone. Our office gets inquiries from both individuals and small business owners as to the advantages and disadvantages of both types of cards. The following article breaks down the limitations of using debit cards in your financial transactions. As with most financial issues, it certainly pays to be informed!

10 Places NOT to Use Your Debit Card
by Dana Dratch
Friday, March 19, 2010
provided by CreditCards.com

Debit cards have different protections and uses. Sometimes they're not the best choice. Sometimes reaching for your wallet is like a multiple choice test: How do you really want to pay?

While credit cards and debit cards may look almost identical, not all plastic is the same.

"It's important that consumers understand the difference between a debit card and a credit card," says John Breyault, director of the Fraud Center for the National Consumers League, a Washington, D.C.-based advocacy group. "There's a difference in how the transactions are processed and the protections offered to consumers when they use them."

While debit cards and credit cards each have advantages, each is also better suited to certain situations. And since a debit card is a direct line to your bank account, there are places where it can be wise to avoid handing it over -- if for no other reason than complete peace of mind.

Here are 10 places and situations where it can pay to leave that debit card in your wallet:

1. Online
"You don't use a debit card online," says Susan Tiffany, director of consumer periodicals for the Credit Union National Association. Since the debit card links directly to a checking account, "you have potential vulnerability there," she says.

Her reasoning: If you have problems with a purchase or the card number gets hijacked, a debit card is "vulnerable because it happens to be linked to an account," says Linda Foley, founder of the Identity Theft Resource Center. She also includes phone orders in this category.

The Federal Reserve's Regulation E (commonly dubbed Reg E), covers debit card transfers. It sets a consumer's liability for fraudulent purchases at $50, provided they notify the bank within two days of discovering that their card or card number has been stolen.

Most banks have additional voluntary policies that set their own customers' liability with debit cards at $0, says Nessa Feddis, vice president and senior counsel for the American Bankers Association.

But the protections don't relieve consumers of hassle: The prospect of trying to get money put back into their bank account, and the problems that a lower-than-expected balance can cause in terms of fees and refused checks or payments, make some online shoppers reach first for credit cards.

2. Big-Ticket Items
With a big ticket item, a credit card is safer, says Chi Chi Wu, staff attorney with the National Consumer Law Center. A credit card offers dispute rights if something goes wrong with the merchandise or the purchase, she says.

"With a debit card, you have fewer protections," she says.

In addition, some cards will also offer extended warrantees. And in some situations, such as buying electronics or renting a car, some credit cards also offer additional property insurance to cover the item.

Two caveats, says Wu. Don't carry a balance. Otherwise, you also risk paying some high-ticket interest. And "avoid store cards with deferred interest," Wu advises.

3. Deposit Required
When Peter Garuccio recently rented some home improvement equipment at a big-box store, it required a sizable deposit. "This is where you want to use a credit card instead of a debit," says Garuccio, spokesman for the national trade group American Bankers Association.

That way, the store has its security deposit, and you still have access to all of the money in your bank account. With any luck, you'll never actually have to part with a dollar.

4. Restaurants
"To me, it's dangerous," says Gary Foreman, editor of the frugality minded Web site The Dollar Stretcher. "You have so many people around."

Foreman bases his conclusions on what he hears from readers. "Anecdotally, the cases that I'm hearing of credit or debit information being stolen, as often as not, it's in a restaurant," he says.

The danger: Restaurants are one of the few places where you have to let cards leave your sight when you use them. But others think that avoiding such situations is not workable.

The "conventional advice of 'don't let the card out of your sight' -- that's just not practical," says Tiffany.

The other problem with using a debit card at restaurants: Some establishments will approve the card for more than your purchase amount because, presumably, you intend to leave a tip. So the amount of money frozen for the transaction could be quite a bit more than the amount of your tab. And it could be a few days before you get the cash back in your account.

5. You're a New Customer
Online or in the real world, if you're a first-time customer in a store, skip the debit card the first couple of times you buy, says Breyault.

That way, you get a feel for how the business is run, how you're treated and the quality of the merchandise before you hand over a card that links to your checking account.

6. Buy Now, Take Delivery Later
Buying now but taking delivery days or weeks from now? A credit card offers dispute rights that a debit card typically does not.

"It may be an outfit you're familiar with and trust, but something might go wrong," says Breyault, "and you need protection."

But be aware that some cards will limit the protection to a specific time period, says Feddis. So settle any problems as soon as possible.

7. Recurring Payments
We've all heard the urban legend about the gym that won't stop billing an ex-member's credit card. Now imagine the charges aren't going onto your card, but instead coming right out of your bank account.

Another reason not to use the debit card for recurring charges: your own memory and math skills. Forget to deduct that automatic bill payment from your checkbook one month, and you could either face fees or embarrassment (depending on whether you've opted to allow overdrafting or not). So if you don't keep a cash buffer in your account, "to protect yourself from over-limit fees, you may want to think about using a credit card" for recurring payments, says Breyault.

8. Future Travel
Book your travel with a check card, and "they debit it immediately," says Foley. So if you're buying travel that you won't use for six months or making a reservation for a few weeks from now, you'll be out the money immediately.

Another factor that bothers Foley: Hotels aren't immune to hackers and data breaches, and several name-brand establishments have suffered the problem recently. Do you want your debit card information "to sit in a system for four months, waiting for you to arrive?" she asks. "I would not."

9. Gas Stations and Hotels
This one depends on the individual business. Some gas stations and hotels will place holds to cover customers who may leave without settling the entire bill. That means that even though you only bought $10 in gas, you could have a temporary bank hold for $50 to $100, says Tiffany.

Ditto hotels, where there are sometimes holds or deposits in the hundreds to make sure you don't run up a long distance bill, empty the mini bar or trash the room. The practice is almost unnoticeable if you're using credit, but can be problematic if you're using a debit card and have just enough in the account to cover what you need.

At hotels, ask about deposits and holds before you present your card, says Feddis. At the pump, select the pin-number option, she says, which should debit only the amount you've actually spent.

10. Checkouts or ATMs That Look 'Off'
Criminals are getting better with skimmers and planting them in places you'd never suspect -- like ATM machines on bank property, says Foley.

So take a good look at the machine or card reader the next time you use an ATM or self-check lane, she advises. Does the machine fit together well or does something look off, different or like it doesn't quite belong? Says Foley, "Make sure it doesn't look like it's been tampered with."

Where's My Refund?

2010-04-21T13:11:00.001-07:00

The following article describes the steps available to keep on top of your tax refund and where it is in the IRS processing system. You should have a copy of your tax return available with expected refund information, as well as pen and paper to jot down any needed information.

Tracking Down Your Tax Refund
by Kay Bell
provided by and excepted from BANKRATE.COM

You're getting a tax refund. So where's your check?

Well, you can stop bugging your mail carrier. There are more productive ways to track down your Internal Revenue Service cash.

Now you can go online or call a special toll-free number to check your refund status, regardless of whether you're awaiting a check in the mail or you've instructed the IRS to directly deposit your tax cash into one or multiple accounts.

The Waiting Game
Since 2003, taxpayers have been able to use the IRS' "Where's My Refund?" Web page to track down refunds directly from their own computers.

But exactly when you need this service depends on how you filed your return. Processing times differ for paper and electronically filed 1040s. How you ask the IRS to send you your money also makes a difference.

If you e-file and request direct deposit, the IRS says it should take no longer than three weeks for you to get your refund. If you filed a paper return and asked that your check be mailed to you, it could take up to eight weeks.

Once you're past the time frame for issuance of your refund, it's time to log on and locate your money.

Necessary Tracking Data
To get started, you'll need your Social Security number, the filing status entered on your return and the amount you're expecting. Joint-return filers should enter the name and tax ID number of the spouse shown first on the return.

And don't do any rounding on the refund amount entry. The tracking program wants precise dollars and cents.

If you have any questions about exactly what information the IRS wants here, the "Where's My Refund?" program has links that will open up new screens with explanations of where you can find the information on your copy of your return.

After you've entered the necessary data, then click and wait for the good news that your check is in the mail.

Dialing for Tax Dollars
If you don't have access to a computer or simply prefer using a telephone, you still can call the IRS to track down your refund.

A special automated toll-free line is dedicated to refund status reports. When you call (800) 829-1954, you'll need the same information the online system requires.

In addition to having a copy of your return on hand, it's always a good idea to have paper and pen ready to jot down any information, additional instructions or follow-up phone numbers that you might receive during the call.

And, as with the online system, don't call unless it's been the requisite number of weeks for your filing method.

What's the Holdup?
In most cases, the IRS says a taxpayer will learn via the Web site or by phone that his or her return was received and is being processed.

When the tax check is indeed in the mail, the tracking systems will provide the date it was sent out or directly deposited to the filer's chosen account.

But even when the news is bad, the online program might be able to offer some immediate help. If, for example, the U.S. Postal Service bounced your refund check back to the IRS as undeliverable, the IRS online tracker now allows some taxpayers to correct or change their mailing addresses online so they can get their refunds ASAP.

If this option is available in your case, "Where's My Refund?" will prompt you to take the appropriate steps.

Speeding Up the Process
Waiting any longer than necessary for a refund is one of the most infuriating parts of the filing process. That's why the IRS encourages taxpayers to do what they can to speed up the process.

The quickest path to your refund, says the IRS, is through e-filing and refund direct deposit. This usually cuts a refund wait to half of what paper filers face. In fact, says the agency, some refunds, especially those filed for early in the tax season, are issued in as little as two weeks.

Sometimes a slow refund is the filer's fault rather than the result of an overwhelmed IRS. Refunds are delayed when a taxpayer makes a mistake on a return, causing the agency to spend time tracking down the correct data. Some common filing blunders are math miscalculations, a mismatched name and Social Security number, a missing signature or omitted attachments such as W-2s or IRS schedules.

What If It's Lost?
Occasionally, though, a tax check actually is lost.

If your online or automated phone inquiry reveals your refund was mailed but it still hasn't shown up, you can begin an online refund trace using the "Where's My Refund?" program. This option is available for filers who are still waiting for refund money the IRS says was mailed at least 28 days earlier. If this is your situation, the online program will prompt you to take the next steps.

You also can call the IRS' main help line at (800) 829-1040. But be forewarned: During the filing season, you're probably in for a wait.

More localized assistance might be a better move. Check the IRS' "How to Contact Us" Web page for local and regional agency addresses and numbers.

Once the IRS verifies your refund check is lost or stolen, the replacement process will begin. You might be asked to complete Form 3911, Taxpayer Statement Regarding Refund, to get the ball rolling.

What If the Check Is Wrong?
When a refund check finally arrives, sometimes there are more questions than answers.

If you get a refund and you weren't expecting one, or the check is for more than you thought you'd get, don't cash it. The IRS should send you a notice explaining the difference, along with any additional information or instructions. If you don't get an explanatory letter within two weeks of getting your questionable refund, it's time to call (800) 829-1040 again.

On the other hand, if your refund is less than you expected, go ahead and cash the check. If further investigation reveals that you should have received more, the IRS will make up the difference (plus a bit of interest if it takes more than 45 days to correct the error) and send you another check for the balance due.

Check Your Bank Account
The IRS has one final piece of advice for anxious filers still looking for that refund: If you requested direct deposit, check your bank account regularly.

The IRS will simply transfer the money to your financial institution without sending you any other notification. It's up to you to find out if the refund is already in your account.

How To File An Extension

2010-04-11T05:47:00.000-07:00

When filing your return, it is important to have all of the necessary information. At times, you may find that you have not received all the documentation needed to assemble your return, or you may just find yourself short of time to file a complete and accurate return. If you cannot file your return on time, simply apply for an extension by the due date of your return (generally April 15, 2010, for 2009 returns) for an extension of time to file. Send the extension request on Form 4868 to the Internal Revenue Service office with which you file your return.

Before You Start
Collect and organize your tax records
Review income statements from banks, employers, brokers, and governmental agencies on their respective 1099 forms.
Check for miscalculations, additions, and omissions.

1.Automatic Filing Extension
You may get an extension without waiting for the IRS to act on your request. You receive an automatic six-month extension for your 2008 return if you file Form 4868 by April 15, 2010. The extension gives you until October 15, 2010, to file your return. A late filing penalty will not be imposed if you fail to submit a payment with Form 4868, provided you make a good faith estimate of your liability based upon available information at the time of filing. However, although the extension will be allowed without a payment, you will be subject to interest charges and possible penalties (discussed below) on 2009 taxes paid after April 15, 2010. You may file Form 4868 electronically and use a credit card (American Express, MasterCard, Visa, or Discover Card) to make a tax payment.

Payment is made through a service provider that handles the credit card transaction and charges you a fee. See the Form 4868 instructions for the phone numbers and web addresses of the service providers.

When you file your return within the extension period, you enter on the appropriate line of the return any tax payment that you sent with your extension request and include the balance of the unpaid tax, if any.

Please note: While the extension is automatically obtained by a proper filing on Form 4868, the IRS may terminate the extension by mailing you a notice at least 10 days prior to the termination date designated in the notice.

2. Interest and Penalty for Late Payment
You still have to pay interest on any 2009 tax not paid by April 15, 2010, even if you obtain a filing extension. In addition, if the tax paid with Form 4868, plus withholdings and estimated tax payments for 2009, is less than 90% of the total amount due, you will be subject to a late-payment penalty (usually one-half of 1% of the unpaid tax per month) -- unless you can show reasonable cause.

3. Abroad on April 15, 2010
You do not get an automatic extension for filing and paying your tax merely because you are out of the country on the filing due date. If you plan to be traveling abroad on April 15, 2010, and want to get a filing extension, you must submit a claim for the automatic six-month filing extension on Form 4868 or use a credit card (see above) to make a payment with an extension request.

The only exception is for U.S. citizens or residents who live and have their main place of business outside the U.S. or Puerto Rico, or military personnel stationed outside the U.S. or Puerto Rico, on April 15, 2010. If you qualify, you are allowed an automatic two-month extension, until June 15, 2010, to file your return and also pay any tax due. However, the IRS will charge interest from the original April 15 due date on any unpaid tax. If you cannot file within the two-month extension period, you can obtain an additional four-month extension by filing Form 4868 by June 15, 2010. This additional four-month extension is for filing only and not payment. In addition to interest, a late payment penalty may be imposed (see above) on any tax not paid by June 15, 2010.

If you are eligible for the two-month extension but expect to qualify for the foreign earned income exclusion under the foreign residence or presence test after June 15, 2010, you can request on Form 2350 an extension until after the expected qualification date. Back to top

4. Installment Arrangements
If you cannot pay the tax due for 2009 by the October 15, 2010, extension date, you should file your return and attach Form 9465 to request an installment arrangement.

If you owe $10,000 or less and certain conditions are met, the IRS must enter into an installment arrangement if you request one. You must show that full payment cannot be currently made, and that in the previous five years you filed income tax returns and paid the tax, and did not enter into an installment arrangement during that period. If the current return is a joint return, your spouse must also meet these tests for the five-year period. You must agree to pay the tax liability within three years.

If you are using an installment agreement to pay the tax due on a timely filed return (including extensions), the late payment penalty is reduced by half from .5% to .25% per month.

Summary
You receive an automatic six-month extension for your 2008 return if you file Form 4868 by April 15, 2010. The extension gives you until October 15, 2009, to file your return.
An extension of time to file does not give you an extension of time to pay your taxes.
You have to pay interest on any 2009 tax not paid by April 15, 2010, even if you obtain a filing extension.
You do not get an automatic extension for filing and paying your tax merely because you are out of the country on the filing due date.
If you cannot pay the tax due for 2009 by the October 15, 2010, extension date, you should file your return and attach Form 9465 to request an installment arrangement.

IRS Circular 230 Disclosure: To comply with certain U.S. Treasury regulations, we inform you that, unless expressly stated otherwise, any U.S. federal tax advice contained in this communication (including any attachments, enclosures, or other accompanying materials) was not intended or written to be used, and it cannot be used, by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding any penalties that may be imposed on such taxpayer by the Internal Revenue Service; furthermore, this communication was not intended or written to support the promotion or marketing of any of the transactions or matters it addresses.

The 10 Most Common Tax-Filing Mistakes

2010-04-04T15:13:00.000-07:00

Each year during tax season, clients ask us how to avoid an IRS audit. They are surprised to find out that many IRS mail examinations are caused by rather simple, avoidable mistakes made by taxpayers as they prepare and send in their income tax returns. The following list compiled by Yahoo Finance summarizes the errors that occur most frequently.

The 10 Most Common Tax-Filing Mistakes
by Katie Adams
Saturday, February 20, 2010
provided by Investopedia

One innocent slip-up on your federal income tax return could cost you time and money. Be sure to double check your return for these common mistakes:

1. Wrong Filing Status

You can only choose one filing status -- single, married filing separately or married filing jointly. What determines your filing status is your marital status as of year's end (either single or married). If you are married, it's your preference whether to file separately or jointly. (However, you and your spouse will need to agree on the filing status -- you can't file married separately if your spouse is filing jointly!) Mark the correct box accordingly, or it could cause you to be denied for tax credit claims such as the child or dependent care credit, earned income tax credit, etc.

2. Wrong Address

If you are submitting a paper return, it is best to use the peel-off label on the tax form you received in the mail. You can make corrections directly on the label. However, if you do not have a label or if there are too many corrections, make sure you clearly print your name, address and zip code on the return.

3. Incorrect or Missing Social Security Numbers

Your Social Security number is a crucial part of your federal income tax return. It corresponds with income reported as well as deductions and credits you are claiming. If you accidentally provide the wrong number, your claims could be denied, or at least delayed until you are able to make the correction with an amended tax return. In addition, the IRS can only verify someone you areclaiming as a dependent if you include his/her correct Social Security number as it appears on the Social Security card. If there have been any name changes since you last filed a tax return, you should contact the Social Security Administration by calling 1-800-772-1213 or by going to its website at ssa.gov.

4. Unsigned Return

After doing all that hard work, don't forget the easy part -- signing the form! Neglecting this important last step could unnecessarily hold up your refund or, if you owe money, you will have to pay penalties and interest on your tax bill. If you are filing jointly, make sure that your spouse also signs and dates the return.

5. Math Errors

Use a calculator and go back over your return carefully to ensure that you have added and subtracted all those numbers correctly. While the IRS Service Center can, and often does, catch math errors and will make changes accordingly on your form, it's not guaranteed.

6. Tax Computation Errors

According to the IRS, in addition to basic addition and subtraction mistakes, filers often incorrectly compute their taxable income, withholding and estimated tax payments, earned income tax credit, standard deduction (for people age 65 or older or who are blind), taxable Social Security benefits and child or dependent care tax credit. Make sure you are using the correct column for the IRS tax table based on your filing status.

7. Incorrect Identification Numbers

If you are claiming a dependent or child-care tax credit, double check to make sure you have the right identification number(s) for the care provider(s).

8. Incorrect Financial Institution Information

If you are owed a refund and elect to have the funds directly deposited into your bank account, make sure that you provide the correct financial institution account and routing transit numbers, or your refund could be delayed or worse -- sent to the wrong taxpayer!

9. Undocumented Deductions

If you are filing an itemized return and claiming charitable contribution deductions, you will need written receipts for each donation verifying the date, contribution amount and name of the nonprofit organization you supported. Other common deductions for which you will need receipts include mortgage interest, property taxes and medical expenses (if they exceeded 7.5% of your adjusted gross income.

10. Wrongly Claiming -- or Forgetting to Claim -- Credits And Rebates

In addition to standard tax credits such as the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), each year there are new credits, rebates and deductions for which you may qualify. Last year's top tax-filing mistake was wrongly accounting for the 2008 recovery rebate. Over 2 million tax filers either didn't include the rebate on their return or entered the wrong amount. This year, millions of tax filers will be able to claim the Obama Administration's "Making Work Pay" tax credit that was extended under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), as well as the First-Time Homebuyer Tax Credit. If you think you may qualify for a credit or rebate, check the IRS website to find the appropriate form, or consider using tax preparation software that can walk you through a checklist of potential benefits.

Conclusion

You can reduce the likelihood of making tax mistakes by filing electronically through the IRS website or by using tax preparation computer software that can help you avoid, or correct, common errors.

When it comes to filing your taxes, it can often pay to wait until the deadline.

10 Ways the New Healthcare Bill May Affect You

2010-03-27T10:23:00.000-07:00

Our office has been receiving many calls regarding the new healthcare legislation. The following article from Yahoo Finance summarizes ten areas of the bill that may affect the average taxpayer.

10 Ways the New Healthcare Bill May Affect You
by Katie Adams
Friday, March 26, 2010
provided by Investopedia

The Patient Protection and Affordable Healthcare Act, more commonly referred to as the "healthcare bill", has taken over a year to craft and has been a lightning rod for political debate because it effectively reshapes major facets of the country's healthcare industry.

Here are 10 things you need to know about how the new law may affect you:

1. Your Kids are Covered

Starting this year, if you have an adult child who cannot get health insurance from his or her employer and is to some degree dependent on you financially, your child can stay on your insurance policy until he or she is 26 years old. Currently, many insurance companies do not allow adult children to remain on their parents' plan once they reach 19 or leave school.

2. You Can't be Dropped

Starting this fall, your health insurance company will no longer be allowed to "drop" you (cancel your policy) if you get sick. In 2009, "rescission" was revealed to be a relatively common cost-cutting practice by several insurance companies. The practice proved to be common enough to spur several lawsuits; for example, in 2008 and 2009, California's largest insurers were made to pay out more than $19 million in fines for dropping policyholders who fell ill.

3. You Can't be Denied Insurance

Starting this year your child (or children) cannot be denied coverage simply because they have a pre-existing health condition. Health insurance companies will also be barred from denying adults applying for coverage if they have a pre-existing condition, but not until 2014.

4. You Can Spend What You Need to

Prior to the new law, health insurance companies set a maximum limit on the monetary amount of benefits that a policyholder could receive. This meant that those who developed expensive or long-lasting medical conditions could run out of coverage. Starting this year, companies will be barred from instituting caps on coverage.

5. You Don't Have to Wait

If you currently have pre-existing conditions that have prevented you from being able to qualify for health insurance for at least six months you will have coverage options before 2014. Starting this fall, you will be able to purchase insurance through a state-run "high-risk pool", which will cap your personal out-of-pocket expenses for healthcare. You will not be required to pay more than $5,950 of your own money for medical expenses; families will not have to pay any more than $11,900.

6. You Must be Insured

Under the new law starting in 2014, you will have to purchase health insurance or risk being fined. If your employer does not offer health insurance as a benefit or if you do not earn enough money to purchase a plan, you may get assistance from the government. The fines for not purchasing insurance will be levied according to a sliding scale based on income. Starting in 2014, the lowest fine would be $95 or 1% of a person's income (whichever is greater) and then increase to a high of $695 or 2.5% of an individual's taxable income by 2016. There will be a maximum cap on fines.

7. You'll Have More Options

Starting in 2014 (when you will be required by law to have health insurance), states will operate new insurance marketplaces - called "exchanges" - that will provide you with more options for buying an individual policy if you can't get, or afford, insurance from your workplace and you earn too much income to qualify for Medicaid. In addition, millions of low- and middle-income families (earning up to $88,200 annually) will be able to qualify for financial assistance from the federal government to purchase insurance through their state exchange.

8. Flexible Spending Accounts Will Become Less Flexible

Three years from now, flexible spending accounts (FSAs) will have lower contribution limits - meaning you won't be able to have as much money deducted from your paycheck pre-tax and deposited into an FSA for medical expenses as is currently allowed. The new maximum amount allowed will be $2,500. In addition, fewer expenses will qualify for FSA spending. For example, you will no longer be able to use your FSA to help defray the cost of over-the-counter drugs.

9. If You Earn More, You'll Pay More

Starting in 2018, if your combined family income exceeds $250,000 you are going to be taking less money home each pay period. That's because you will have more money deducted from your paycheck to go toward increased Medicare payroll taxes. In addition to higher payroll taxes you will also have to pay 3.8% tax on any unearned income, which is currently tax-exempt.

10. Medicare May Cover More or Less of Your Expenses

Starting this year, if Medicare is your primary form of health insurance you will no longer have to pay for preventive care such as an annual physical, screenings for treatable conditions or routine laboratory work. In addition, you will get a $250 check from the federal government to help pay for prescription drugs currently not covered as a result of the Medicare Part D "doughnut hole".

However, if you are a high-income individual or couple (making more than $85,000 individually or $170,000 jointly), your prescription drug subsidy will be reduced. In addition, if you are one of the more than 10 million people currently enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan you may be facing higher premiums because your insurance company's subsidy from the federal government is going to be dramatically reduced.

Conclusion

Over the next few months you will most likely receive information in the mail from your health insurance company about how the newly signed law will affect your coverage. Read the correspondence carefully and don't hesitate to ask questions about your policy; there may be new, more affordable options for you down the road.

How long should I keep my financial records?

2010-03-17T13:04:00.000-07:00

Our office receives many inquiries about how long a taxpayer is required to keep his records to support his tax returns or protect him in case of an audit. The following article from Bankrate.com explains the basics. Please contact our office with any additional questions or comments.

How long to keep financial records
By Bankrate.com

You can't take everything with you, but the following are suggestions about how long you should keep personal finance and investment records on file:

Financial Records Timeline - Type of record Length of time to keep, and why:

Tax records should be kept for: Seven years

Returns

Canceled checks/receipts (alimony, charitable contributions, mortgage interest and retirement plan contributions)

Records for tax deductions taken

The IRS has three years from your filing date to audit your return if it suspects good-faith errors.
The three-year deadline also applies if you discover a mistake in your return and decide to file an amended return to claim a refund.
The IRS has six years to challenge your return if it thinks you underreported your gross income by 25 percent or more.
There is no time limit if you failed to file your return or filed a fraudulent return.

IRA contribution records: Permanently

If you made a nondeductible contribution to an IRA, keep the records indefinitely to prove that you already paid tax on this money when the time comes to withdraw.
Retirement/savings plan statements From one year to permanently
Keep the quarterly statements from your 401(k) or other plans until you receive the annual summary; if everything matches up, then shred the quarterlies.
Keep the annual summaries until you retire or close the account.

Bank records: From one year to permanently
Go through your checks each year and keep those related to your taxes, business expenses, home improvements and mortgage payments.
Shred those that have no long-term importance.

Brokerage statements: Until you sell the securities
You need the purchase or sales slips from your brokerage or mutual fund to prove whether you have capital gains or losses at tax time.
Bills From one year to permanently
Go through your bills once a year.
In most cases, when the canceled check from a paid bill has been returned, you can shred the bill.
However, bills for big purchases -- such as jewelry, rugs, appliances, antiques, cars, collectibles, furniture, computers, etc. -- should be kept in an insurance file for proof of their value in the event of loss or damage.

Credit card receipts and statements: From 45 days to seven years
Keep your original receipts until you get your monthly statement; shred the receipts if the two match up.
Keep the statements for seven years if tax-related expenses are documented.

Paycheck stubs: One year
When you receive your annual W-2 form from your employer, make sure the information on your stubs matches.
If it does, shred the stubs.
If it doesn't, demand a corrected form, known as a W-2c.

House/condominium records: From six years to permanently
Keep all records documenting the purchase price and the cost of all permanent improvements -- such as remodeling, additions and installations.
Keep records of expenses incurred in selling and buying the property, such as legal fees and your real estate agent's commission, for six years after you sell your home.
Holding on to these records is important because any improvements you make on your house, as well as expenses in selling it, are added to the original purchase price or cost basis. This adds up to a greater profit (also known as capital gains) when you sell your house. Therefore, you lower your capital gains tax.

Source: Marquette National Bank and Catherine Williams, President of Consumer Credit Counseling Services of Greater Chicago

Start saving in your 20s if you want to get rich. Even if money is tight, this is the time to start stashing away money. Start small, start now.

2010-02-25T14:26:00.000-08:00

It's easy to understand why retirement doesn't loom large on the horizon for 20-somethings. Young workers are more concerned with kick-starting careers, not ending them in the long-distant future.

But it's worth noting that the very fact that you're young gives you a huge edge if you want to be rich in retirement. That's because when you're in your 20s, you can invest relatively little for a short period and wind up with far more money than someone older who saves much more over a longer period.

Consider this scenario: If you begin saving for retirement at 25, putting away $2,000 a year for just 40 years, you'll have around $560,000, assuming earnings grow at 8% annually. Now, let's say you wait until you're 35 to start saving. You put away the same $2,000 a year, but for three decades instead, and earnings grow at 8% a year. When you're 65 you'll wind up with around $245,000 -- less than half the money.

Seems like a no-brainer, right? Save a little now and reap big rewards later.

Unfortunately, many of today's youngest workers pass on the opportunity to save for retirement early, when the beauty of compounding interest can work its magic and maximize savings. A study by human resources consultant Hewitt Associates found that just 31% of Generation Y workers (those born in 1978 or later, now in the thick of their 20s) who are eligible to put money into a 401(k) retirement savings plan do so. That's less than half of the 63% of workers between ages 26 and 41 who do invest in employer-sponsored savings accounts.

Start saving ASAP! There are plenty of reasons you may have yet to save, such as cash flow. If you're struggling to pay off student loans or cover rent, funding a 401(k) may seem difficult, if not downright impossible.

Sign up for that 401(k)! Make the most out of those few dollars you can get hold of by allocating them wisely. Don't squirrel them away under the mattress. You will want them to be invested in a way that will encourage your assets to grow as quickly as possible.

Where to start? If you're eligible to participate in a 401(k) at work, do so. There are plenty of reasons to love these plans but No. 1 by far is that most employers match your contributions in order to encourage your participation. The hitch: Oftentimes, you'll need to save enough to trigger the match.

In a typical plan, employers match up to 3% of your salary, according to the Profit Sharing/401(k) Council of America. When you sign up, the money you save is automatically deposited into the plan before it's taxed, so less of your income will be taxed now. That saves you money, too.

No company retirement fund? Use a Roth instead. If you aren't eligible for a retirement fund at work that gets you matching funds, sign up for the next best thing: a Roth IRA. You'll fund this with money that's already been taxed as part of your normal paycheck. But money in a Roth IRA withdrawn later is tax-free. Save what you can. It will add up. If you are able to sock away $4,000 a year into a Roth for 40 years, and if it earns 8% annually, you'll be a tax-free millionaire at retirement. To make sure you stick to saving, have a portion of your paycheck or payments from your bank account automatically deposited into the Roth each month or every few weeks.

Get educated! Meanwhile, don't be embarrassed to admit that financial talk can seem confusing. After all, financial know-how is not genetically encoded and, unless someone has taken the time to teach you about finance, you'll need to do a little learning. And now that you're starting to make and save money, this is the perfect time to educate yourself. Read books, articles or financial Web sites. The more you know, the easier it will be throughout your career to make solid, informed decisions.

Build a strong defense with an emergency stash. Start amassing an emergency fund so you don't have to rely on credit cards -- and possibly bury yourself in debt -- in the event that your car dies, your roommate comes up short on rent or you suffer some other financial mishap. Ideally, you'll stash up to three months living expenses, but the important goal is to save something. You can help stay on track by having automatic deposits made to your emergency account.

In the meantime, keep an eye on spending. Those splurges can add up fast and will prove to be a huge drain on future savings. What's more, if you pile on debt, you'll wind up wasting a lot of money on interest and fees that could be better spent elsewhere.

Avoid debt! If you're really struggling to stretch the paycheck to set something aside for retirement, this is the time to make some changes. Give your budget a major overhaul. Consider getting a roommate or picking up an extra job for the time being. Big changes now, coupled with consistent saving over time, will reap huge rewards down the road.

Excerpted from Bankrate.com

13 tax changes you need to know before filing your 2009 returns

2010-02-22T09:15:00.000-08:00

We found a concise summary of 2009 tax changes in the following AOL Walletpop personal finance article. Please contact our office to discuss any questions or comments you may have.

13 tax changes you need to know before filing your 2009 returns

2009 Educational Credits and Deductions

2010-02-17T17:14:00.000-08:00

If you are a taxpayer with higher education costs, you should be aware of the many tax benefits that are available to you. Generally, educational assistance such as scholarship, fellowship, or employer-provided educational benefits are excludable from income. For education costs not covered by educational assistance, tax benefits include the Hope scholarship credit (also known as the American Opportunity credit for 2009 and 2010) and the lifetime learning credit. Alternatively, you may have the option of deducting qualified tuition and fees expenses "above the line." These credits and deductions are coordinated with the exclusion for distributions from education savings plans, such as, Coverdell Savings Accounts and qualified tuition programs. For taxpayers who take out a loan to pay for their education, a deduction is available for the student loan interest.

The amount of the American Opportunity tax credit is computed as 100 percent of the first $2,000 of qualified tuition and related expenses plus 25 percent of the next $2,000 of such expenses, for a total maximum credit of $2,500. The lifetime learning credit is generally available for 20 percent of education expenses up to $10,000. For taxpayers who do not itemize, an above-the-line higher education tuition deduction can be claimed in 2009 for up to $4,000.

Each education credit and the deduction have adjusted-gross-income phase out limitations. In addition the education credits are coordinated with the deduction and Coverdell Savings Accounts and qualified tuition programs so that taxpayers cannot realize duplicate tax benefits for the same dollars of education costs. Because of the variety of tax benefits and the variations as to eligibility and the definition of qualifying education expense, some or all of the benefits may apply to you. Every taxpayer should review their tax plan in order to take maximum advantage of the tax savings for education.

Determining the best alternative for you and your dependents requires an analysis of your expected costs, resources, and income. We can advise you on the best course of action. Please contact our office at your earliest convenience to discuss your situation.

How Do I ... Convert a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA?

2010-02-15T11:11:00.000-08:00